Specific gravity of brain tissue during maturation

Johansson, Barbro; Linder, Lars

doi:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1982.tb03145.x

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…It is important to note that many other cellular constituents including lipids (Galli and Cecconi, 1967) and extracellular substances (Jenkins and Bachelard, 1988) change in tandem and we cannot determine which are most important. Furthermore, the progressive maturation-related decrease in water content (Donaldson and Hatai, 1931;Johansson and Linder, 1982), reflected in the direct measurements and the MR relaxation parameters (Masumura, 1987;Leppert et al, 2009), is associated with reduction in extracellular spaces (Sumi, 1969). Widely spaced cells would be expected to have less robust mechanical connections and therefore the tissue should be less elastic and more viscous.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Age-dependence of intracranial viscoelastic properties in living rats

Shulyakov

Cenkowski

Buist

et al. 2011

Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Age-dependence of intracranial viscoelastic properties in living rats

Shulyakov

Cenkowski

Buist

et al. 2011

Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials

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“…Therefore, it is reasonable to assume a generalized specific gravity value of 1.036 g/cm 3 (see also Borzage et al, ; Courchesne et al, ). Regarding changes during development, the specific gravity of newborn rat brain is 1.033 g/cm 3 and increases by only 1% into adulthood (Johansson & Linder, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brain growth in modern humans using multiple developmental databases

Vannucci

2018

American J Phys Anthropol

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Objective: Currently, there are several published articles detailing brain growth in modern humans. The contained databases were derived using disparate methodologies. The objective of the present investigation was to determine the level of agreement among several collections of immature modern human brains.Materials and methods: Twenty-one developmental collections of endocranial volume, brain weight, or brain volume were selected for analysis, including one skeletal, six autopsy, and 14 computed tomography/magnetic resonance imaging samples.Step-wise comparisons were determined, using conversion factors for brain specific gravity and size of the subarachnoid space.Results: Derived brain weights are comparable and increase especially during the first year of postnatal life, with a further slight increase (+8-10%) between one and five years, and little change thereafter. The expansion in brain size occurs earlier than body size. Significant sex differences are apparent at all stages of development. Combining all datasets produced a composite database consisting of 3,491 brain weight values, with ages near birth through 18 years. Individual brain weights ranged from 190 to 1,792 g, and mean brain weights ranged from 457 to 1,365 g, with an overall mean and standard deviation of 897 AE 387 g. Conclusions:The investigation compares modern human collections regarding brain size trajectories from birth through 18 years of age. The 21 datasets are then incorporated into a single composite database. All major age groups and both sexes are well represented. The composite database should prove useful to other investigators interested in developmental aspects of the modern human brain.autopsy, composite database, cranial, development, MRI These collections include those derived from autopsies, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Other samples comprise skeletal material describing ECVs (cranial capacities), the measurements of which can be converted to brain volumes or weights using appropriate conversion factors (see below). | Autopsy materialThe collection by Coppoletta and Wolbach (1933) consists of 1,043 selected youths ages near birth through 17 years autopsied at the Children's and Infants' Hospital in Boston and 155 individuals aged 6-12 years autopsied at the Boston City Hospital. Therefore, there are a total of 1,198 infants, children, and adolescents who died between 1914 and 1929. Based on the 1910 US Census, the vast majority of the individuals were likely European whites. The investigators measured brain weights and body lengths and divided their means into 32 groups according to the ages of the individuals. Male and female data were combined, so sex differences cannot be ascertained. The details of the postmortem examinations and the manner of the organ and body measurements also were not described. Additional brain weight and body length data derived from the work by Feer (1922) were included for comparative purposes; the number of individuals was not described, and their ages rang...

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“…Since other investigations ( Kretschmann et al, 1975 ) and our own unpublished results have shown that the weight and the specific weight of fixed brains do not differ from the weight of fresh brains, the fresh volume (FV) of the whole brain can be easily calculated by weighing the fixed brains and multiplying the brain weight by its specific weight (1.033 g/mL). This value for freshly dissected brains was published by Johansson and Linder (1982) for the rat, by Wingert (1969) for the mouse, and by Zilles (1978) for tupaia, and for fixed human brain by Kretschmann et al (1982) . After sectioning the brain, the total volume of the sectioned brain (SV) has to be calculated from the thickness of the sections (ST), the number of planimetered sections (N), the number of sections between two planimetered sections (n) and the area A of the section i according to the following Equation (1) :

The shrinkage factor (SF) is SV divided by FV (SF = SV/FV).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 86%

Differently increased volumes of multiple brain areas in Npc1 mutant mice following various drug treatments

Antipova,

Heimes,

Seidel

et al. 2024

Front. Neuroanat.

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BackgroundNiemann-Pick disease type C1 (NPC1, MIM 257220) is a heritable lysosomal storage disease characterized by a progressive neurological degeneration that causes disability and premature death. A murine model of Npc1−/− displays a rapidly progressing form of Npc1 disease, which is characterized by weight loss, ataxia, and increased cholesterol storage. Npc1−/− mice receiving a combined therapy (COMBI) of miglustat (MIGLU), the neurosteroid allopregnanolone (ALLO) and the cyclic oligosaccharide 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPßCD) showed prevention of Purkinje cell loss, improved motor function and reduced intracellular lipid storage. Although therapy of Npc1−/− mice with COMBI, MIGLU or HPßCD resulted in the prevention of body weight loss, reduced total brain weight was not positively influenced.MethodsIn order to evaluate alterations of different brain areas caused by pharmacotherapy, fresh volumes (volumes calculated from the volumes determined from paraffin embedded brain slices) of various brain structures in sham- and drug-treated wild type and mutant mice were measured using stereological methods.ResultsIn the wild type mice, the volumes of investigated brain areas were not significantly altered by either therapy. Compared with the respective wild types, fresh volumes of specific brain areas, which were significantly reduced in sham-treated Npc1−/− mice, partly increased after the pharmacotherapies in all treatment strategies; most pronounced differences were found in the CA1 area of the hippocampus and in olfactory structures.DiscussionVolumes of brain areas of Npc1−/− mice were not specifically changed in terms of functionality after administering COMBI, MIGLU, or HPßCD. Measurements of fresh volumes of brain areas in Npc1−/− mice could monitor region-specific changes and response to drug treatment that correlated, in part, with behavioral improvements in this mouse model.

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Specific gravity of brain tissue during maturation

Cited by 10 publications

References 10 publications

Age-dependence of intracranial viscoelastic properties in living rats

Age-dependence of intracranial viscoelastic properties in living rats

Brain growth in modern humans using multiple developmental databases

Differently increased volumes of multiple brain areas in Npc1 mutant mice following various drug treatments

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