Specific force of the rat plantaris muscle changes with age, but not with overload

Degens, Hans; Hoofd, Louis; Binkhorst, R. A.

doi:10.1016/0047-6374(94)01538-w

Cited by 23 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Here we did not find such an increase in specific tension with overload in neither adult nor old mouse muscles, similar to what has been reported before in rats (Degens et al, 1995a;Roy et al, 1982). It remains to be seen what causes this discrepancy, but part of the apparent increase in specific tension in human muscles is attributable to improved maximal voluntary activation (Erskine et al, 2011;Morse et al, 2005), which does not play a role in the maximally stimulated isolated muscle preparation in mice (Degens, 2012).…”

Section: The Effect Of Mechanical Overload On Muscle Force Generatingsupporting

confidence: 63%

Blunted hypertrophic response in old mouse muscle is associated with a lower satellite cell density and is not alleviated by resveratrol

Ballak

Jaspers

Deldicque

et al. 2015

Experimental Gerontology

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Background: Sarcopenia contributes to the decreased quality of life in the older person.While resistance exercise is an effective measure to increase muscle mass and strength, the hypertrophic response may be blunted in old age.Objectives: To determine 1) whether hypertrophy in the m. plantaris of old mice was blunted compared to adult and 2) whether this was related to a reduced satellite cell (SC) density and 3) how resveratrol affects hypertrophy in old mice. Methods:In adult (7.5 months, n=11), old (23.5 months, n=10) and old-resveratrol-treated (n=10) male C57BL/6j mice, hypertrophy of the left m. plantaris was induced by denervation of its synergists. The contralateral leg served as control.Results: After six weeks, overload-induced myofiber hypertrophy and IIB-IIA shift in myofiber type composition were less pronounced in old than adult mice (P=0.03), irrespective of resveratrol treatment. Muscles from old mice had a lower SC density than adult muscles (P=0.002). Overload-induced SC proliferation (P<0.05) resulted in an increased SC density in old, but not adult muscles (P=0.02), while a decrease occurred after resveratrol supplementation (P=0.044). Id2 and myogenin protein expression levels were higher in old than adult muscles (P<0.05). Caspase-3 was expressed more in hypertrophied than control muscles and was reduced with resveratrol (P<0.05). Conclusion:The blunted hypertrophic response in old mice was associated with a lower SC density, but there was no evidence for a lower capacity for proliferation. Resveratrol did not rescue the hypertrophic response and even reduced, rather than increased, the number of SCs in hypertrophied muscles.

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Section: The Effect Of Mechanical Overload On Muscle Force Generatingsupporting

confidence: 63%

Blunted hypertrophic response in old mouse muscle is associated with a lower satellite cell density and is not alleviated by resveratrol

Ballak

Jaspers

Deldicque

et al. 2015

Experimental Gerontology

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“…Similar to previous observation in both human [31] and rat muscles [32,33], we observed that the specific tension (maximum tetanic force per muscle per muscle mass or cross-sectional area) was decreased in the muscles from the old animals [13].…”

Section: Effects Of Ageingsupporting

confidence: 91%

Effects of alfacalcidol on circulating cytokines and growth factors in rat skeletal muscle

et al. 2011

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Supra-physiological levels of vitamin D induce skeletal muscle atrophy, which may be particularly detrimental in already sarcopaenic elderly. Neither the cause nor whether the atrophy is fibre type specific are known. To obtain supraphysiological levels of circulating vitamin D (1,25(OH) 2 D 3 ) 27.5-month-old female Fischer 344 9 Brown Norway F1 rats were orally treated for 6 weeks with vehicle or the vitamin D analogue alfacalcidol. Alfacalcidol treatment induced a 22% decrease in body mass and 17% muscle atrophy. Fibre atrophy was restricted to type IIb fibres in the low-oxidative part of the gastrocnemius medialis only (-22%; P \ 0.05). There was a concomitant 1.6-fold increase in mRNA expression of the ubiquitin ligase MuRF-1 (P \ 0.001), whereas those of insulin-like growth factor 1 and myostatin were not affected. Circulating IL-6 was unaltered, but leptin and adiponectin were decreased (-39%) and increased (64%), respectively. The treated rats also exhibited a reduced food intake. In conclusion, supraphysiological levels of circulating 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 cause preferential atrophy of type IIb fibres, which is associated with an increased expression of MuRF-1 without evidence of systemic inflammation. The atrophy and loss of body mass in the presence of supra-physiological levels of vitamin D are primarily due to a reduced food intake.

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“…Overload of the plantaris muscle in the left leg was obtained essentially as described previously [2,8,9,16,17]. In short, the rats were anesthetized with isoflurane 4%, 2 l min Ϫ1 O 2 .…”

Section: Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The experiments were performed essentially as described previously [8,17,18]. Two weeks after induction of compensatory hypertrophy, the rats were anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital (60 mg · kg Ϫ1 , I.P.).…”

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confidence: 99%

Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor, Capillarization, and Function of the Rat Plantaris Muscle at the Onset of Hypertrophy.

Degens

Moore²,

Alway³

2003

JJP

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Skeletal muscle has a great ability to respond to altered functional demands. This response includes, among other adaptations, changes in muscle size, fiber-type composition, and capillary supply, resulting in altered contractile properties and fatigue resistance [1]. The response to the increased functional demand imposed on a muscle by the elimination of agonist muscles involves compensatory hypertrophy. This hypertrophy is accompanied by an increase in the number of type I fibers and capillary proliferation [2][3][4][5][6][7]. Concomitantly, the force generating capacity and fatigue resistance of the hypertrophied muscle increases [3,8].The absence of significant hypertrophy during at least the first week after the functional elimination of synergists [4,9] suggests that the muscle needs time to recover from the early damage [10] before the onset of real growth. Furthermore, the presence of transi- Japanese Journal of Physiology, 53, 181-191, 2003 Key words: capillary, fatigue, specific tension, myosin heavy chain, muscle.Abstract: Capillary proliferation occurs during compensatory hypertrophy. We investigated whether the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is elevated at the onset of hypertrophy when capillary proliferation is minimal, and whether muscle damage as assessed by muscle force deficits, may occur at the onset of hypertrophy. To investigate this, we induced in 9-month-old rats, under isoflurane anesthesia, hypertrophy of the left plantaris muscle by denervation of the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles. Capillarization was investigated in both the deep (oxidative) and the superficial (glycolytic) regions of the plantaris muscle. After 2 weeks, muscle mass had increased by 16% (pϽ0.01), which was not accompanied by increases in fiber size. The maximal tetanic force (P 0 ) and specific ten-) and twitch characteristics were unaltered, and fatigue resistance of the overloaded muscle was improved (pϽ0.05). However, the myosin heavy chain composition was unaltered. Capillary proliferation was not yet evident, but VEGF mRNA and protein levels were elevated 1.5-and 8-fold, respectively (pϽ0.05). We concluded that the normal specific tension and the elevated VEGF expression after 2 weeks of overload indicate (1) an absence of or minimal muscle damage at this early time point, and (2) that elevated VEGF expression precedes and is involved in capillary proliferation that occurs during the later stages of compensatory hypertrophy.

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Specific force of the rat plantaris muscle changes with age, but not with overload

Cited by 23 publications

References 9 publications

Blunted hypertrophic response in old mouse muscle is associated with a lower satellite cell density and is not alleviated by resveratrol

Blunted hypertrophic response in old mouse muscle is associated with a lower satellite cell density and is not alleviated by resveratrol

Effects of alfacalcidol on circulating cytokines and growth factors in rat skeletal muscle

Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor, Capillarization, and Function of the Rat Plantaris Muscle at the Onset of Hypertrophy.

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