Specific Features of X-Ray Anatomy and Profilometry in People With Different Types of Facial Skeleton

The expansion of the most relevant priority fields in fundamental and applied medicine, along with the progress in modern dentistry and reconstructive maxillofacial surgery, requires in-depth understanding of the morphological and functional status of the maxillary alveolar process bone tissue and knowledge of the mandibular alveolar part, thus allowing selecting a reasonable treatment tactics for maxillofacial pathologies. Qualitative features of maxillary alveolar process microarchitectonics, angioarchitectonics, as well as the periodontal ligament arrangement at various levels of the teeth roots, histological and morphometric studies of bone tissue in the frontal and distal sections, as well as the maxillary segments of the maxillary medial incisors and the first molars were studied in 5 certified male cadavers with preserved dentition. The histological findings show, that the microarchitectonics of the maxillary alveolar process features a lamellar bone consists of plates that are adjacent tightly to each other. The bone plates orientation in the frontal section is longitudinal, while in the distal part it is along concentric circles located around the Haversian canals. The angioarchitectonics of the maxillary alveolar process features tubular structures, which run mainly perpendicular to the bone surface, with numerous anastomoses. As the morphometric analysis of the maxillary alveolar process vascular system shows, in the frontal section the number of vessels per 1 mm2 is 22.41± 1.76 - 22.87± 2.08; in the distal section − 23.94± 1.88 - 25.02±2.69 (p≤0.01); the average diameter of vessels in the frontal section is 25.34±2.45 microns – 26.06 ±3.17 microns, in the distal section − 25.72±2.31 microns – 26.14± 2.93 microns (p≤0.05); the average wall thickness in the frontal section is 1.43± 0.09 microns - 1.48± 0.12 microns, in the distal section − 1.50± 0.11 microns – 1.54± 0.14 microns (p≤ 0.01). The vestibular surface of the maxillary medial incisors at the level of the root gingival part, as well as the oral surface at the root apical level have been found to be zones of periodontal ligament compression, while the oral surface at the root gingival level and the vestibular surface at the root apical level – zones of the periodontal ligament stretching. At the root gingival level of the first maxillary molars, the medial and vestibular surfaces are zones of the periodontal ligament compression, whereas the oral and the distal surfaces stand as the zones of the periodontal ligament stretching. As a quantitative assessment showed, the structural elements of the medial incisors periodontal ligament, and the first maxillary molars had loose connective tissue – taken by its specific area – prevailing in the periodontal ligament compression zone; the specific area of dense connective tissue, though, was found to be prevailing at the periodontal ligament stretching zone under chewing stress. The data obtained through a quantitative analysis of the periodontal ligament microvascular bed of the medial incisors, and the first maxillary molars, reveal that the area with blood vessels in the compression zones by far exceeds the area of blood vessels in the stretching zones. It appears rather reasonable that in case of a biomechanical stress experienced by the incisor-maxillary and molar-maxillary segments of the upper jaw, the periodontal ligament morphology will change throughout the root, depending on the compression and stretching zone localization.

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Histomorphometric Assessment of Architectonics and Vascularization in Maxillary Alveolar Process Bone Tissue

Domenyuk,

Sumkina,

Mikutskaya

et al. 2023

“…5 | due to its high prevalence causes a significant risk of developing multiple organ pathology. There is clinical evidence pointing at the fact that an increase in the UCTD signs falls on the "critical" period of the child's physical evolution (age of [11][12][13][14][15] due to the active growth phase, whereas the "immaturity" of connective tissue leads to morphological and functional issues affecting organs and body systems, while contributing to the development of secondary (associated) pathological conditions, including those involving the dental system [7,24,37].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The main goal in clinical practice is to ensure the quality and a long-term positive treatment outcome for major dental diseases [2,[10][11][12][13]20,23,[27][28][29]39,[47][48][49][50][51].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Periodontal Tissue Morphology in Children With Abnormal Occlusion and Connective Tissue Dysplasia Syndrome

Domenyuk¹,

Kochkonyan²,

Дмитриенко³

et al. 2022

Self Cite

The study involved an analysis of the data gum biopsies obtained through light microscopy and polarization microscopy in order to identify pathomorphological features and the collagen Type I & Type III ratio in 56 children with occlusion issues, periodontal diseases and various undifferentiated connective tissue dysplasia (UCTD). 32 healthy children with intact periodontium served as a control group. For the histological examination of gum biopsies, the respective sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, while Picro-Sirius Red Stain Kit reagents were used to assess the Type I and Type III collagen distribution in the gum connective tissue. The image processing was performed in the ImageJ 1.47 software, while when analyzing the color histograms, the ratio of the red pixels (Type I collagen) and the green pixels (Type III collagen) was identified. The Type I/III collagen ratio (1.41±0.09) in children with chronic catarrhal gingivitis, occlusion issues and a “prominent” degree of UCTD was found to be significantly lower (p≤0.05) the similar ratio observed in patients with clinically healthy periodontium (2.01±0.09), as well as in patients with “mild” and “moderate” UCTD (1.63 ± 0.17) with homogeneous clinical and morphological dental manifestations. The effectiveness of the developed comprehensive dental treatment program for periodontal issues in children with abnormal occlusion associated with UCTD, including conservative anti-inflammatory treatment, pharmacological correction and orthodontic treatment, is justified by an increase in the amount of mature Type I collagen, a decrease in the developing immature Type III collagen, and inflammation in the periodontal tissues. A sufficient degree of maturity and differentiation of connective tissue was also achieved.

“…5 | Forensic medicine is a complex system of scientific knowledge, research methods and expert evaluation of facts, based on which medical-biological issues are to be resolved that arise in forensic & investigation practice. One of the major sections within modern forensic medicine is forensic anthropology, which focuses on general, group and individual anatomical and physiological features of human beings in order to identify the personality [2,5,7,9,11,22,25,26], as well as forensic toxicology, which studies the identification and proof of the effects that toxic exogenous substances can have an active physiological effect on the human body [1,3,6,10,14,17,23,30].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical and Toxicological Study of Phencyclidine and Derivatives Thereof in Biological Material

Andrusenko¹,

Sivun²,

Denisova³

et al. 2022

Self Cite

According to the report by the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (2020), the number of drug-users aged 12-64 has exceeded 275 million people, which accounts for 5.4% of the globe’s population. The highest number of drug addicts has been registered in the United States of America − 28.6 million; in the European Union – 17.4 million, while Russia accounts for 6 million, with 11.8 million deaths registered annually worldwide, that are directly or indirectly related to drug abuse. Tightening anti-drug measures along with higher demand for drugs from low-income groups of people result in expensive “classical” drugs being replaced with various substitutes, medicines and synthetic drugs, including phencyclidine. Chromatographic methods play a major role in the expert evaluation of narcotic drugs, toxic substances and their metabolic products in biological media, whereas the use of gas and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry allows identifying – with a high reliability level – most compounds that are relevant in terms of analytical and forensic toxicology. This paper offers a comparative analysis and an overview of optimized methods to be employed to detect phencyclidine and its derivatives in biological fluids and tissues. There has also been toxicokinetics and biotransformation of phencyclidine studied, as well as a drip chemical analysis of phencyclidine carried out. The detection of phencyclidine and its derivatives through chromatographic methods has been improved. The obtained outcomes can be used for differentiating phencyclidine and its derivatives in forensic chemical and chemical-toxicological studies of biological material.