Specific features of sugar beet reproduction system

Zhuzhzhalova, T. P.; Podvigina, O. A.; Kozlovskaya, V. F.

doi:10.3103/s1068367412030214

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Nucleic acid content in ovary and ovule cell nuclei observed by cytophotometry was another indication of incompatibility gene activity in sugar beet (Zhuzhzhalova et al, 2007). Compatible pollination was usually reflected in these cells by increase in nuclear RNA content and total nuclear nucleic acid content.…”

Section: Self-and Cross-incompatibilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphogenetic peculiarities of reproductive biology in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) breeding

et al. 2023

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This review considers the processes of morphogenesis used in the development of propagation methods and the creation of a new starting material for sugar beet. It has been demonstrated that methods of particulation, in vitro microcloning and cell breeding that reflect non-sexual forms of plant reproduction increase the effectiveness of breeding experiments. The review describes the in vitro culture methods maintaing a tendency in plants for vegetative propagation and stimulating increase in genetic variability of properties when mutagens such as ethyl methanesulfonate, alien genetic structures with mf2 and mf3 bacterial genes in Agrobacterium tumefaciens strains, and selective agents (Сd++ ions and abscisic acid) are incorporated into plant cells. It presents the results of using fluorescent microscopy, cytophotometry, biochemical analysis and determining the level of phytohormones and content of nucleic acids in nuclei for forecasting the seed setting ability. It has demonstrated that long self-pollination of plants causes decrease in fertility of pollen grains, resulting in the sterilization of male gametes and the appearance of pistillody flowers. Self-fertile plants isolated from these lines serve as sterility fixers, while the apomixis elements increased the ovule number, additional embryo sacs and embryos. A role of apomixis in contributing to variability in the ontoand phylogenetic development of plants have been substantiated. The review reflects the morphological features of the in vitro development of sexual and somatic cells in embryos during the formation of seedlings based on floral and vegetative embryoidogeny. Use of the SNP and SSR (Unigenes) molecular-genetic markers having a high polymorphism level has appeared effective to characterize the developed breeding material and hybrid components when carrying out crossings. The study of sugar beet starting materials for the presence of TRs mini-satellite loci making it possible to reveal O-type plants-pollinators (sterility fixing agent) and MS-form plants are of interest for breeding as well. The selected material can be widely used in breeding to produce hybrids, allowing for a 2–3-fold reduction of the development period. The review also discusses the prospects for the development and implementation of new methods and original schemes in sugar beet genetics, biotechnology and breeding.

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Section: Self-and Cross-incompatibilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphogenetic peculiarities of reproductive biology in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) breeding

et al. 2023

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“…Traditionally aligned lines of sterility fixers and sugar beet pollinators were obtainable by repeated selection of self-pollinated pedigrees based on valuable traits. Annual scrutiny of separation, uniformity, and line sterility has continued in past studies (Zhuzhzhalova et al, 2012;Fedorova et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of the Genetic Diversity in Sugar Beet (Beta Vulgaris L.) Using SSR Markers

AMANGELDIYEVA,

DANIYAROVA,

TABYNBAYEVA

et al. 2023

SABRAOJBG

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The genetic diversity and homogeneity of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) source lines underwent analysis to select the promising parental pairs for hybridization. The 420 individual plants from 21 sugar beet lines served as research materials. A result of the study of polymorphism with nine SSR markers obtained 22 alleles, with an average of 2.4 alleles per marker. The Bvv155 marker emerged as the most useful for detecting the genetic diversity of sugar beet lines and predicting heterosis. Identifying the FDSB1002, FDSB1007, and FDSB957 markers as polymorphic determined the intra-linear heterogeneity of the source material. The analysis of molecular variance showed that in the studied sugar beet samples, the highest variation was prominent among the populations (48%), while heterogeneity within the population was 21%. The genetic distances between pollinator lines and lines with cytoplasmic male sterility ranged by 1.4–3.5 (Euclidean distances) and 0.12–1.0 (Nei’s distances). Distinguishing seven parent pairs of sugar beet attained endorsement for crosses having Nei’s genetic distance of D = 0.81 will create highly productive hybrids. The presented results may play a vital role in developing heterotic hybrids in sugar beet through a practical breeding program.

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Effect of NAM-1 genes on the protein content in grain and productivity indices in common wheat lines with foreign genetic material introgressions in the conditions of Belarus

et al. 2023

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Modern varieties of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) bred mainly for high productivity are often of low grain quality. The identification of NAM-1 alleles associated with high grain protein content in wheat relatives has enhanced the significance of distant hybridization for the nutritional value of T. aestivum L. grain. In this work we aimed to study the allelic polymorphism of the NAM-A1 and NAM-B1 genes in wheat introgression lines and their parental forms and evaluate the effects of various NAM-1 variants on the grain protein content and productivity traits in the field conditions of Belarus. We studied parental varieties of spring common wheat, the accessions of tetraploid and hexaploid species of the genus Triticum and 22 introgression lines obtained using them (2017–2021 vegetation periods). Full-length NAM-A1 nucleotide sequences of T. dicoccoides k-5199, T. dicoccum k-45926, T. kiharae, and T. spelta k-1731 accessions were established and registered with the international molecular database GenBank. Six combinations of NAM-A1/B1 alleles were identified in the accessions studied and their frequency of occurrence varied from 40 to 3 %. The cumulative contribution of NAM-A1 and NAM-B1 genes to the variability of economically important wheat traits ranged from 8–10 % (grain weight per plant and thousand kernel weight) to up to 72 % (grain protein content). For most of the traits studied, the proportion of variability determined by weather conditions was small (1.57–18.48 %). It was shown that, regardless of weather conditions, the presence of a functional NAM-B1 allele ensures a high level of grain protein content; at the same time, it does not significantly decrease thousand kernel weight. The genotypes combining the NAM-A1d haplotype and a functional NAM-B1 allele demonstrated high levels of productivity and grain protein content. The results obtained demonstrate the effective introgression of a functional NAM-В1 allele of related species increasing the nutritional value of common wheat.

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Specific features of sugar beet reproduction system

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Morphogenetic peculiarities of reproductive biology in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) breeding

Morphogenetic peculiarities of reproductive biology in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) breeding

Assessment of the Genetic Diversity in Sugar Beet (Beta Vulgaris L.) Using SSR Markers

Effect of NAM-1 genes on the protein content in grain and productivity indices in common wheat lines with foreign genetic material introgressions in the conditions of Belarus

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