Specific Features of Material Recognition by the Multi-Energy X-Ray Method

Osipov, S. P.; Usachev, E. Yu.; Чахлов, С. В.; Shchetinkin, S. A.; Osipov, O. S.

doi:10.1134/s1061830919040119

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…X-ray fluorescence is a technique based on photoabsorption of soft X-ray in materials where the energy or wavelength difference between the excitation and emitted X-ray is measured and used for characterizing elemental compositions in a sample [111]. DE-XRT is a technique based on using dual emission of hard X-ray incident on the sample with different energies or different wavelengths [112]. The attenuation of dual hard X-ray with different wavelengths results in a difference in the transmission intensities related to the density differences in a material.…”

Section: High-energy Particle Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensor Technology Options for Municipal Solid Waste Characterization for Optimal Operation of Waste-to-Energy Plants

Muri

Hjelme

2022

Energies

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Reuse, refurbishing, and recycling are the most sustainable options for handling waste materials. However, for municipal solid waste (MSW) that is highly heterogenic, crude, contaminated, and decrepit, thermal conversion in waste-to-energy (WtE) plants is an option. In such plants, the fuel quality of MSW is difficult to predict and the substantial changes expected are challenging for incineration stability. Development of new online sensor technologies for monitoring waste properties prior to incineration is therefore needed. Sensors may contribute to increase WtE process stability, as well as reducing the probability of incineration stops or emissions exceeding legal limits. In this work, the operating principles of potential sensor systems for waste monitoring are categorized and assessed to be implemented for providing parameters for process control or indicators for process alarms in the waste incineration process. For transmissive settings, the use of inductance and hard X-ray sensors are most promising, whereas for reflective settings, utilization of photonic, inductive, soft and hard X-ray, as well as low-frequency radiowave sensors, are most promising. The analytic capacity of single-point measurements with inductance, radiowave, photonic, or X-ray sensors are limited to providing indicators for process alarms, whereas spectral imaging with X-ray or photonic techniques are feasible for providing parameters for both process control and indicators for process alarms. The results obtained in this sensor assessment will be important as a first step in guiding the evolution of monitoring waste properties in the WtE industry to increase repeatability, performance of energy production, and manual labor safety in controlling the waste incineration.

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Section: High-energy Particle Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensor Technology Options for Municipal Solid Waste Characterization for Optimal Operation of Waste-to-Energy Plants

Muri

Hjelme

2022

Energies

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“…As far as we know, except for some reports using the physical-properties of materials, such as temperature, texture, robustness, and piezoelectric properties, most material recognition reported is actual object recognition, and it needs a large amount of image data about the positions, shapes and colors of the objects. [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] Triboelectric effect was successfully used in triboelectric nanogenerators (TENG) by Wang et al [17] and, ever since then, many valuable researches have been done in improving the energy transfer efficiency, pressure, and distance sensors, selfpowered system etc. [18][19][20][21][22][23] Moreover, theoretical model serves as guidance that triboelectric output performance can be affected by several factors such as film thickness, area size, dielectric properties, and gap distance.…”

Section: Materials Recognition Sensor Array By Electrostatic Inductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Material Recognition Sensor Array by Electrostatic Induction and Triboelectric Effects

Rong

Zhao

Guo

et al. 2020

Adv Materials Technologies

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The development of the sensor array has received substantial attention due to its enormous potential in artificial intelligences. The development of a sensor array with supernatural functions is of great significance and this paper presents a sort of flexible sensor array capable of recognizing material based on the electrostatic induction and triboelectric effects. In the nature, different materials have different abilities of gaining or donating electrons. When a tested material (including plastic, glass, or metal) approaches or leaves different probe materials integrated in the sensor array, the amplitude and phase of the induced electrical signals, which are related to the inherent feature of the tested material, are detected and analyzed, and then, the tested material can be distinguished. This sort of flexible sensor array has advantages of quick response (70 ms), accurate identification, low cost, and easy fabrication. It has promising application in wearable electronic devices and intelligent robots.

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Investigating four algorithms for material discrimination in a simulated dual-energy radiography system

Ghaebi

Tajik

Azimirad

2023

Applied Radiation and Isotopes

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Specific Features of Material Recognition by the Multi-Energy X-Ray Method

Cited by 4 publications

References 29 publications

Sensor Technology Options for Municipal Solid Waste Characterization for Optimal Operation of Waste-to-Energy Plants

Sensor Technology Options for Municipal Solid Waste Characterization for Optimal Operation of Waste-to-Energy Plants

Material Recognition Sensor Array by Electrostatic Induction and Triboelectric Effects

Investigating four algorithms for material discrimination in a simulated dual-energy radiography system

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