Specific chlorination with N-chloropolymaleimide

Yaroslavsky, Carmela; Katchalski, Ephraim

doi:10.1016/s0040-4039(01)85199-6

Cited by 21 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…A similar effect was ojserved for the chlorination of alkyl benzenes with N-chloropolymaleimide in the absence of free-radical initiator: exclusively aromatic monochlorination was obtained; whereas, with monomeric N-chlorosuccinimide, variable mixtures of aromatic and aliphatic substitution were isolated (113). The anamalous behavior of the polymer system was attributed to the highly polar microenvironment of the reagent (despite the non-polarity of the solvent) due to the close proxicity of the adjacent succinimide moieties, thus favoricg dehydrobromination of the initiallyformed 2-bromo-2-phenylpropane with concomitant formation of r.olecular bromine.…”

Section: Polymer-bound Reagentsmentioning

confidence: 52%

Influence of support structure on preparation and utilization of polymeric reagents

Daly

1979

Makromol. Chem.

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Polymer bound reagents have become established components of the repertoire of synthetic organic chemists. Recent advances in this field are reviewed with particular attention focused upon the nature of the polymer support. The application of condensation polymers as supports are highlighted. Techniques for chlormethylating polymers containing oxyphenylene repeat units with 1 ,h-bis [ chloromethoxy! butare are presented and the properties of the new support polymers are described. Aspects of site-site interaction of crosslinked polymer matrices are discussed. The review includes a suxary of applications for polymer-bound transition metal catalysts, phase transfer catalysts and organic reagents. Finally, the future of polymeric reagents is examined. 3-3:. ".5%23%.polystyrene solver.ts but higher crosslink densities produce rigid matrices which hinder diffusion of reagents through the particle. High crosslink densities are used to produce macroporous or macroreticular resins with high surface to volume ratios and low sensitivity to solvent selection since no swelling occurs (17).Chelation of metals may require mTiltiple Crosslinked po1:rst:mene resins are nreparcd ?esins containing 1-2% divinylbenzene are highly swollen in Other synthetic polymer substrates that have been used, usually with less general applicability, are polyacrylic acids, nylons, maleimide, &p'dihydroxydiphenylsulfone, bisphenol A--epichlorohydrin copolymer, and polyacrylamide derivatives. Several modified natural polymers have also been csed, e.g., cellulose and cross-linked dextrans. Some of tt.e most promising insoyuble supports are derivatized porous inorganic carriers (la). Host functionality is located on the surface; therefore, all problems of diffusion to the reactive site, nonswellability in certain solvents, a?d variations in swellability with different solvents are obviated. Porous glass beads are chemically and dimensionally stable, are easily filterable, and readily lend themselves to use in continuous-flow column operations.In addition to the type of substrate to be used, another factor that must be considered is the means of incorporating the active functionality into the a l k y l a t i o n c a t a l y s t , SbC15; m i n i m a l changes i n Mw are observed with h a r d e r Lewis a c i d s such as t i t a n i u m t e t . r n r h l n r i d p ( Tahl-1 )

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Section: Polymer-bound Reagentsmentioning

confidence: 52%

Influence of support structure on preparation and utilization of polymeric reagents

Daly

1979

Makromol. Chem.

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“…1(A-B)). Furthermore, it has been shown in different samples of white and grey brain matter (sliced) that white matter has substantially larger extinction co-efficients than grey matter over the entire spectrum (300-1100 nm) 18 . It follows from this that our (806 nm) laser light penetrates deeper into the cerebrum and the cerebellum samples than the brain stem sample.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An important aspect of PTTP that has attracted less attention, is the inevitable radiation of the healthy tissue surrounding the tumor and the resulting laser induced damage of healthy tissue. This interaction between light and tissue depends on the scattering and absorption properties of tissue as well as on the thermal conductivity and diffusivity of cerebral tissue 17,18 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects and side effects of plasmonic photothermal therapy in brain tissue

Laugesen

Kamp

et al. 2019

Cancer Nano

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Heat generated from plasmonic nanoparticles can be utilized in plasmonic photothermal therapy. A combination of near-infrared laser and metallic nanoparticles are compelling for the treatment of brain cancer, due to their efficient light-to-heat conversion and bio-compatibility. However, one of the challenges of plasmonic photothermal therapy is to minimize the damage of the surrounding brain tissue. The adjacent tissue can be damaged as the results of either absorption of laser light, thermal conductivity, nanoparticles diffusing from the tumor, or a combination hereof. Hence, we still lack the full understanding about the light-tissue interaction and, in particular, the thermal response. We tested the temperature change in three different porcine cerebral tissues, i.e., the stem, the cerebrum, and the cerebellum, under laser treatment. We find that the different tissues have differential optical and thermal properties and confirm the enhancement of heating from adding plasmonic nanoparticles. Furthermore, we measure the loss of laser intensity through the different cerebral tissues and stress the importance of correct analysis of the local environment of a brain tumor.

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“…They can serve as precursors for numerous functionalities, such as phenols, aromatic ethers and thioethers, aryl amines, aryl hydrazines, benzonitriles, benzaldehydes, fluoroaromatics, silylated aromatics, and aromatic hydrocarbons. 12 Many of these reagents are used either in the presence of an acid or an oxidizing agent. The first is through electrophilic aromatic substitution by chlorine 3 and the other is through organometallic intermediates (ArLi or ArMgCl).…”

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confidence: 99%

A Novel and Efficient Ceric Ammonium Nitrate Catalyzed Oxidative Nuclear Chlorination of Activated Aromatic Compounds by Acetyl Chloride

Roy¹,

Rana²,

Guin³

et al. 2003

Synlett

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C e r i c A m m o n i u m N i t r a t e C a t a l y z e d O x i d a t i v e N u c l e a r C h l o r i n a t i o n SubhasAbstract: A mild and efficient oxidative chlorination of activated aromatic compounds have been achieved in excellent yields using acetyl chloride in the presence of a catalytic amount of ceric ammonium nitrate at room temperature. However, chlorination failed to occur with deactivated aromatic rings.

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Specific chlorination with N-chloropolymaleimide

Cited by 21 publications

References 2 publications

Influence of support structure on preparation and utilization of polymeric reagents

Influence of support structure on preparation and utilization of polymeric reagents

Effects and side effects of plasmonic photothermal therapy in brain tissue

A Novel and Efficient Ceric Ammonium Nitrate Catalyzed Oxidative Nuclear Chlorination of Activated Aromatic Compounds by Acetyl Chloride

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