Specific Changes in the Mammalian Gut Microbiome as a Biomarker for Oxytocin-Induced Behavioral Changes

Dangoor, Itzhak; Stanić, Dušanka; Reshef, Lea; Pešić, Vesna; Gophna, Uri

doi:10.2139/ssrn.3770108

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…In patients with major depression, Scantamburlo et al [98] found that plasma oxytocin levels were reduced compared to individuals without a mood disorder and oxytocin has been reported as possessing prosocial effects [99]. There is increasing evidence from rodent studies that gut microbes can alter oxytocin levels, and early exposure to antibiotics may increase the risk of autism [100][101][102]. In a study in mice, Desbonnet et al found that early exposure to broad-spectrum antibiotics leads to a decrease in brain oxytocin levels [103].…”

Section: Oxytocinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibiotics and mental health: The good, the bad and the ugly

Dinan

2022

J Intern Med

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Antibiotics are recognised as, on occasion, producing psychiatric side effects, most notably depression and anxiety. Apart from antimicrobial activity, antibiotics have multiple off-target effects. The brain-gut-microbiota axis has multiple sites for off-target activity, which may produce either positive or negative antibiotic effects. Here we review how antibiotics impact mental health by acting through the brain-gut-microbiota axis. Microbes in the gut influence brain function by acting through the vagus nerve or by altering the production of short-chain fatty acids or the amino acid tryptophan, the building block of serotonin. Not all antimicrobial actions of antibiotics have a negative impact. The first antidepressant discovered was actually an antibiotic: isoniazid is an antibacterial drug developed for treating tuberculo-sis. Minocycline, which enters the brain and mediates its effects through microglia, shows antidepressant activity. Some antibiotics bring about a significant decrease in gut microbial diversity, and this is viewed as a risk factor for depression. Other risk factors induced by antibiotics include altered gut barrier function, activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, reducing levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor or oxytocin and alteration of vagal tone. Although most patients taking antibiotics do not suffer from an iatrogenic psychiatric disorder, some do. As clinicians, we need to keep this in mind. The development of new antibiotics is primarily focused on antibiotic resistance, but efforts should be made to reduce off-target braingut-microbiota effects resulting in mental health problems.

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Section: Oxytocinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibiotics and mental health: The good, the bad and the ugly

Dinan

2022

J Intern Med

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Earth Dreams: Reimagining ARPA for Health of People, Places and Planet

Logan¹,

Berman

Prescott

2021

IJERPH

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Bold new approaches are urgently needed to overcome global health challenges. The proposed Advanced Research Projects Agency for Health (ARPA-H) is intended to provide rapid health breakthroughs. While new technologies for earlier disease detection and more effective treatment are critical, we urge equal attention be given to the wider (physical, emotional, social, political, and economic) environmental ecosystems driving the non-communicable disease (NCD) crisis in the first place. This requires an integrated, cross-sectoral vision that spans the interwoven connections affecting health across the scales of people, places, and planet. This wider “exposome” perspective considers biopsychosocial factors that promote resilience and reduce vulnerabilities of individuals and communities over time—the many variables driving health disparities. Since life course health is strongly determined by early life environments, early interventions should be prioritized as a matter of effectiveness and social justice. Here, we explore the origins of the Advanced Research Project Agency and point to its potential to build integrated solutions, with wisdom and ethical value systems as a compass. Since the planned ARPA-H is anticipated to spawn international collaborations, the imagined concept is of relevance to a broad audience of researchers. With appropriate input, the quest for health equity through personalized, precision medicine while deconstructing unacceptable structural inequities may be accelerated.

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Specific Changes in the Mammalian Gut Microbiome as a Biomarker for Oxytocin-Induced Behavioral Changes

Abstract: This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY

Cited by 2 publications

References 34 publications

Antibiotics and mental health: The good, the bad and the ugly

Antibiotics and mental health: The good, the bad and the ugly

Earth Dreams: Reimagining ARPA for Health of People, Places and Planet

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