Specific and Nonspecific Effects of Transfer Factor - Dialyzable Leukocyte Extracts

Arala-Chaves, M.P.; Ramos, Milagros; Porto, M.T.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-064650-0.50014-3

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…1-3). The extent of optimal augmentation was closely related to the extent of ongoing DNA synthesis of leu cocyte cultures induced with an optimal dose of LA in the absence of dialysates, ex tending the relationships previously reported [9,10] and subseqeuntly confirmed in sev eral laboratories [2,6,7,16,17], The gen erality of this phenomenon must now be considered as widely accepted.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

The Effect of Transfer Factor on Lymphocyte Transformation. Comparison of Augmentation by Dialysates of Leucocytes and Lymphoid and Non-Lymphoid Organs

Uotila¹,

Hamblin²,

Dumonde³

et al. 1978

Int Arch Allergy Immunol

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In this paper we describe experiments to determine whether dialysable extracts of non-lymphoid and lymphoid organs augment lymphocyte transformation in vitro in a manner similar to the augmenting activity of leucocyte dialysates. Human peripheral blood leucocytes were cultured with tuberculin PPD or leucoagglutinin, and dose-related effects of the dialysable extracts on lymphocyte transformation were studied by ¹²⁵IUdR incorporation. Augmentation of lymphocyte transformation was obtained not only with leucocyte dialysates but also with dialysable extracts of lymphoid and non-lymphoid organs (e.g. spleen, liver, kidney, brain). It is concluded that the agent or agents present in dialysable leucocyte transfer factor preparations, which augment lymphoid transformation in vitro, are widely distributed throughout mammalian tissues.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

The Effect of Transfer Factor on Lymphocyte Transformation. Comparison of Augmentation by Dialysates of Leucocytes and Lymphoid and Non-Lymphoid Organs

Uotila¹,

Hamblin²,

Dumonde³

et al. 1978

Int Arch Allergy Immunol

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“…It has been reported that human and monkey dialysable leucocyte extracts nonspecifically augment antigen and mitogen induced lymphocyte transformation (Hamblin et al, 1976a, b;Mazaheri, unpublished). However, evidence has also been presented that such transformation test systems may also be used to detect the specific conversion of nonimmune to immune lymphocytes (Arala-Chaves et al, 1976).…”

Section: Specificitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The term dialysable transfer factor was therefore reserved for the unidentified factor or factors contained in the crude dialysate which were capable of transferring delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity (Lawrence, 1969;Lawrence and Al-Askari, 1971). It has subsequently been suggested that the term dialysable leucocyte extract (Valdimarsson, 1975;Arala-Chaves et al, 1976) should be used to describe the total crude extract of leucocytes, which has been used to treat diseases where there is a defect in cellular immunity. It is believed that the transfer factor component of dialysable leucocyte extract may reconstitute specific cellular immunity and, therefore, be responsible for the therapeutic efficacy of leucocyte dialysates.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunotherapy of viral infections with transfer factor

Mazaheri

Hamblin

Zuckerman

1977

Journal of Medical Virology

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It has been reported that dialysable leucocyte extract preparations, thought to contain transfer factor, may be used therapeutically for the treatment of a variety of immunodeficiency syndromes. Clinical and laboratory studies have suggested that such preparations, in addition to transferring specific cellular immunity may also contain non-specific adjuvant activities. Attempts at immunotherapy of viral infections are described against a background of current research on the biological and biochemical properties of leucocyte dialysates.

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“…It is assumed that dialysates of leukocyte extracts (DLE) contain a molecule designated as dialysable transfer factor (dTF) which is able to specifically transfer delayed typed hypersensitivity [26-311. But it is unquestionable that a number of nonspecific immunopotentiator effects of DLE can also be demonstrated, namely factors inducing blastogenesis [3,19,20], chemotaxis [15,24] and inhibiting the migration of monocytes and/or leukocytes [5]. These factors are probably as important as or even more important than the specific dTF on the immunological modulation attempted in cases of generalized immunodeficient diseases, since it is evident that the treatment of this kind of disease does not require the specific transfer of a given immune reaction but rather an enhancing of the immunopotentialities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of the Immunopotentiator Effects of Dialyzable Leukocyte Extracts Obtained Out of Leukocytes Previously Used for Interferon Production

et al. 1982

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The existence of immunopotentiator factors able to induce blastogenesis, chemotaxis and able of inhibiting migration of leukocytes was investigated in alcohol precipitates of different batches of dialyzed leukocyte extracts (DLE). These were prepared either out of fresh leukocytes from a large pool of buffy coats obtained from all blood collected from healthy donors with irrelevant antigen sensitiveness (DLE-NS) or from similar leukocytes which were incubated during 19 h for interferon production (DLE-NS-I). Alternatively, the same factors were investigated on a batch of DLE obtained from a donor exquisitely sensitive to Candida antigen (C-DLE-CS). It was observed that all the three batches contained equal amounts of either specific or nonspecific immunological enhancing factors. The similarity of the intensity of specific factors between the so-called nonspecific batches (DLE-NS and DLE-NS-I) and the specific batch (C-DLE-CS) was interpreted to be the result of the random selection of the donors for the preparation of the nonspecific batches, which consequently contain randomized relevant specificities. It is postulated, therefore, that batches of DLE which represent a large waste of leukocytes used for interferon production can be a useful tool for double-blind DLE therapy purposes.

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Specific and Nonspecific Effects of Transfer Factor - Dialyzable Leukocyte Extracts

Cited by 5 publications

References 8 publications

The Effect of Transfer Factor on Lymphocyte Transformation. Comparison of Augmentation by Dialysates of Leucocytes and Lymphoid and Non-Lymphoid Organs

The Effect of Transfer Factor on Lymphocyte Transformation. Comparison of Augmentation by Dialysates of Leucocytes and Lymphoid and Non-Lymphoid Organs

Immunotherapy of viral infections with transfer factor

Study of the Immunopotentiator Effects of Dialyzable Leukocyte Extracts Obtained Out of Leukocytes Previously Used for Interferon Production

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