Specific absorption rate reduction of multi‐standard mobile antenna with double‐negative metamaterial

Abstract

This paper presents a printed multi-standard mobile wireless antenna loaded with double-negative metamaterial that covers the operating frequency of 1.66 GHz to3.95 GHz and 4.45 GHz to 5.73 GHz. The antenna is assimilated with a semicircular shape radiating patch, metamaterial loaded ground plane and microstrip feed line. The perceptible novelties exhibited in this proposed antenna is reduction of specific absorption rate (SAR) with metamaterial loaded ground plane.The development of the communication system is the result of tremendous efforts of researchers. Now researchers have given their concentration to develop biological friendly, compact, multifunction and low cost wireless devices together with satisfying the strict market demand. In this regard, extensive research efforts are exerted in minimizing antenna size and cost in conjunction with increasing bandwidth to cover multiband. Beside this, biological effect of electromagnetic absorption (SAR) in the human body has drawn great concentration to researchers, which makes more complexity in antenna design. Through the last years, several techniques to reduce electromagnetic radiation by wireless devices were studied-specifically, auxiliary antenna elements, material loading, EBG[1], AMCs and metamaterials [2]. In this paper, a novel metamaterial loaded compact mobile wireless antenna is introduced. The metamaterial structures are introduced to reduce the maximum electromagnetic absorption of the proposed antenna. b b g g a a (a) (b) (c) Fig. 1. (a) Unit cell (b) Real parts of effective permittivity and permeability (c). Refractive index

Textile split ring resonator antenna integrated by embroidery

“…Beyond compactness, other attractive antenna behaviours can be achieved by introducing metamaterials. We can mention a bandwidth enhancement by using SRR resonators [1] or spiral resonators [2]; a gain improvement by a planar artificial magnetic conductor [7]; a reduction of sidelobe radiations by a thin metamaterial lens [8]; a reduction of the specific absorption rate in multi‐standard mobile bands by a metamaterial loaded ground plane [9]; and a multi‐band operation of an SRR coupled monopole antenna [6]. The miniaturised antennas were generally developed in printed circuit board (PCB) technology which seems not suitable for body‐worn applications such as wireless body area networks.…”

Low Specific Absorption Rate Antenna Using Electromagnetic Band Gap Structure for Long Term Evolution Band 3 Application

“…SAR without EBG in W/kg SAR with EBG in W/kg [15] 2.4 (10 g) 1.5 (10 g) [16] 2.2 (10 g) 0.65 (10 g) [17] 2.848 (1 g) 2.001 (1 g) [18] 1.56 (10 g) 0.523 (10 g) [19] 2.05 (10 g) 1.27 (10 g) [20] 2.05 (10 g) 0.788 (10 g) [21] 3.62 (1 g) 2 (1 g) Proposed design 2.09 (1 g) 0.498 (1 g)…”

Effect of Metamaterial Cells Array on a Microstrip Patch Antenna Design

“…On the ground plane, an antenna for the frequencies global system for mobile communications (GSM), worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX), Bluetooth and WLAN [11], obtained a reduction in electromagnetic absorption with MTM SRR in hexagonal rings, by 66.47% and 66.52% for 1.8 GHz and 2.4 GHz. In a THz antenna [15], a circular shaped Split Ring Resonator (SRR) is used to construct the MTM surface.…”