Specific absorption rate and temperature increase in the human eye due to electromagnetic fields exposure at different frequencies

Wessapan, Teerapot; Rattanadecho, Phadungsak

doi:10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2013.04.060

Cited by 32 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…In 2013, Wessapan and Rattanadech [80] presented a numerical analysis of the SAR and the heat transfer in a heterogeneous human eye model exposed to EM fields of 900 and 1800 MHz. The SAR value and the temperature distribution in various tissues in the eye during exposure to EM fields were obtained by numerical simulation of EM wave propagation and a heat transfer model was then developed based on the natural convection and porous media theories.…”

Section: Safety and Regulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Microwave-Assisted Drying: A Review of the State-of-the-Art

2015

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Offering advantages of energy-saving rapid drying rates, short processing times, deep penetration of the microwave energy, instantaneous and precise electronic control, as well as clean heating processes, microwave-assisted drying (MWD) has become a popular method that is currently used for many materials and processes. This paper presents a systematic and comprehensive review of experimental and theoretical studies regarding the kinetic mechanisms of MWD. Factors affecting, methods for measuring, and applications of the dielectric property are discussed. From the experimental perspective, laboratory-and commercial-scale MWD systems are elaborated, including the equipment used and the stability, safety, and regulation of MWD systems. Theoretical investigations of thermal and non-thermal equilibrium models and moving-load computational models are discussed. Finally, some future trends in the research and development of MWD systems are suggested. Downloaded by [University of Otago] at 16:52 21 July 2015 2

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Section: Safety and Regulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…mW/cm 2 at the frequencies of (a) 900 MHz and (b) 1800 MHz [80]. Downloaded by [University of Otago] at 16:52 21 July 2015…”

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confidence: 99%

Microwave-Assisted Drying: A Review of the State-of-the-Art

2015

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“…For safety reasons, it was necessary to maintain the increase in eye temperature under RF exposure to less than 1 °C [ 14 ]. An eye model with seven tissues [ 15 ], as shown in Figure 3 a,b, was used to investigate the tissue influence and the specific absorption rate ( SAR ). The temperature increase in the eye tissue under short-term EM exposure can be obtained by a linear approximation of the bio-heat equation [ 14 ] as follows:

where c denotes the heat capacity of the tissue, Δ T denotes the temperature change, and Δ t denotes the exposure time.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Wirelessly Powered Smart Contact Lens with Reconfigurable Wide Range and Tunable Sensitivity Sensor Readout Circuitry

Chiou

Hsu

Huang

et al. 2017

Sensors

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This study presented a wireless smart contact lens system that was composed of a reconfigurable capacitive sensor interface circuitry and wirelessly powered radio-frequency identification (RFID) addressable system for sensor control and data communication. In order to improve compliance and reduce user discomfort, a capacitive sensor was embedded on a soft contact lens of 200 μm thickness using commercially available bio-compatible lens material and a standard manufacturing process. The results indicated that the reconfigurable sensor interface achieved sensitivity and baseline tuning up to 120 pF while consuming only 110 μW power. The range and sensitivity tuning of the readout circuitry ensured a reliable operation with respect to sensor fabrication variations and independent calibration of the sensor baseline for individuals. The on-chip voltage scaling allowed the further extension of the detection range and prevented the implementation of large on-chip elements. The on-lens system enabled the detection of capacitive variation caused by pressure changes in the range of 2.25 to 30 mmHg and hydration level variation from a distance of 1 cm using incident power from an RFID reader at 26.5 dBm.

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“…Keangin et al [42][43][44] carried out a numerical simulation of liver cancer treatment using a complete mathematical model that considered the coupled model of EM wave propagation, heat transfer, and mechanical deformation in the biological tissue in the couple's way (two or more equations are being solved simultaneously). Wessapan et al [45][46][47] investigated the SAR and temperature distribution in the eye during exposure to EM waves using the porous media theory.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Advanced models of the eye based on porous media and natural convection theory have been used in various heat transfer problems [29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][45][46][47]. However, most studies have mainly focused on the effects of convective boundary conditions and have not considered the effects of radiation from high-temperature sources in the simulations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heat Transfer Analysis of the Human Eye During Exposure to Sauna Therapy

Wessapan

Rattanadecho

2015

Numerical Heat Transfer, Part A: Applications

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Among the reported health benefits of a sauna session are weight loss, detoxification of the body, and improved blood circulation. Side effects of sauna therapy, both beneficial and detrimental, also exist. It is well known that the human eye is one of the most sensitive parts of the entire human body when exposed to high ambient temperature and humidity levels such as in sauna therapy. This sauna heat interacts with the human eye and may lead to a variety of ocular effects due to radiation emitted by the heater and high ambient temperature. However, the resulting thermophysiologic response of the human eye to various exposure conditions during sauna therapy is not well understood. Therefore, it is of interest to investigate the potential ocular effects that may occur during sauna exposure. This study presents a numerical analysis of heat transfer in a heterogeneous model of a human eye exposed to sauna. The heat transfer model is developed based on porous media theories. In the heterogeneous human eye model, the effects of room air temperature and heater temperature on the intraocular temperature increase are systematically investigated. The study intends to focus attention on the different heat transfer characteristics between conventional sauna (mainly convection) and infrared sauna (mainly radiation). The results show that at the same room air temperature, the circulatory patterns within the anterior chamber of the eye in regard to infrared sauna are more rapid than those for the conventional sauna. Moreover, eye temperature is also higher in the infrared sauna than in the conventional sauna. The maximum temperatures of the eye exposed to conventional and infrared saunas at room air temperature of 80 C are 48.25 C and 52.90 C, respectively. From the values obtained, a guideline can be recommended to indicate the limitations in regard to temperature increase in the human eye due to sauna therapy.

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Specific absorption rate and temperature increase in the human eye due to electromagnetic fields exposure at different frequencies

Cited by 32 publications

References 35 publications

Microwave-Assisted Drying: A Review of the State-of-the-Art

Microwave-Assisted Drying: A Review of the State-of-the-Art

A Wirelessly Powered Smart Contact Lens with Reconfigurable Wide Range and Tunable Sensitivity Sensor Readout Circuitry

Heat Transfer Analysis of the Human Eye During Exposure to Sauna Therapy

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