This comprehensive review delves into the intricate dynamics of heavy metal contamination, with a specific focus on sodium (Na) and potassium (K) pollution in marine sediments along the Maharashtra coast. Examining both anthropogenic and natural sources, the study emphasizes the urgency of addressing the escalating levels of Na and K in coastal ecosystems. The pivotal role of plants and their phytochemical constituents in mitigating the environmental consequences is explored, shedding light on adaptive strategies and potential interventions. Through an in-depth analysis of phytochemical adaptations, metal uptake and accumulation, rhizospheric processes, and the potential for phytoremediation, this work unravels the promising avenues for sustainable environmental management in the dynamic coastal regions.