Species Turnover through Time: Colonization and Extinction Dynamics across Metacommunities

Nuvoloni, Felipe Micali; Feres, Reinaldo J. F.; Gilbert, Benjamin

doi:10.1086/686150

Cited by 15 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…An important question for communities facing global changes is whether patterns of diversity are at an equilibrium or, alternately, if they are shifting over time (Nuvoloni et al 2016). When communities and species' are at equilibrium in a landscape, both are expected to show equal rates of colonization and extinction on average.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, there has been renewed interest in the factors that promote changes in composition, or temporal turnover (Wolkovich et al 2014, Tonkin et al 2017. Classic work on species-time relationships suggest that turnover dynamics are partially the consequence of island biogeography or metapopulation processes (Rosenzweig 1998, Nuvoloni et al 2016; whereas more recent research has focussed on how global climate change is modifying the latitudinal ranges of many species, thereby altering the composition of communities (Chen et al 2011, Burrows et al 2014. Species dynamics in the anthropocene are increasingly influenced by a mixture of metapopulation and anthropogenic processes (Helmus et al 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Geographic signatures in species turnover: decoupling colonization and extinction across a latitudinal gradient

Jones

Gilbert

2017

Oikos

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High latitude communities have low species richness and are rapidly warming with climate change. Thus, temporal changes in community composition are expected to be greatest at high latitudes. However, at the same time traits such as body size can also change with latitude, potentially offsetting or increasing changes to community composition over time. We tested how zooplankton communities (copepods and cladocerans) have changed over a 25–75 year time span by assessing colonization and extinction rates from lakes across an 1800 km latitudinal gradient, and further tested whether species traits predict rates of community change over time. Lake‐level dissimilarity, measured with Sorenson distance, decreased at higher latitudes. This decrease was due to higher colonization rates of cladocerans in lower latitude lakes and consistent extinction rates across the latitudinal gradient. At the species level, colonization increased with regional occupancy, and tended to be higher for smaller bodied, locally abundant, species. Local extinction rates were negatively correlated with local abundance and regional occupancy, but were not influenced by body size. None of these species‐specific characteristics changed predictably with latitude. Contrary to our expectations, low‐latitude zooplankton communities changed more rapidly than high‐latitude communities by becoming more species rich, not by losing species that were historically present. Moreover, colonization and extinction trends suggest that lakes have become increasingly dominated by species with smaller body sizes and that are already common locally and regionally. Together, these findings indicate that rates of species turnover in freshwater lakes across a latitudinal gradient are not predicted by rates of temperature change, but that turnover is nonetheless resulting in trait‐shifts that favour small, generalist species.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geographic signatures in species turnover: decoupling colonization and extinction across a latitudinal gradient

Jones

Gilbert

2017

Oikos

Self Cite

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“…To date, few studies have examined the temporal dynamics of metacommunities (Datry et al 2016). We here argue that this limited emphasis on the temporal 96 dynamics of metacommunities reflects (i) a lack of generalquantitative framework to analyse temporal changes (but see e.g., Nuvoloni et al 2016) The plain boxes represent different components of spatiotemporal diversity patterns, at both local 104 scale (α diversity) and as turnover in diversity among sites (βspa diversity) and within a site in time (βtemp diversity). The turnover among sites βspa is decomposed into two components representing turnover 106 between sites in same or different environment, respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Greater dispersal should entail higher local diversity (Shmida and Wilson 1985), higher temporal turnover (Nuvoloni et al 2016) and generally lower spatial turnover (Shmida and Wilson 1985). 118…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing metacommunity processes through signatures in spatiotemporal turnover of community composition

Jabot

Laroche

Massol

et al. 2018

Preprint

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Although metacommunity ecology has been a major field of research in the last decades, with both conceptual and empirical outputs, the analysis of the temporal dynamics of metacommunities has only emerged recently and consists mostly of repeated static analyses. Here, we propose a novel analytical framework to assess metacommunity processes using path analyses of spatial and temporal diversity turnovers. We detail the principles and practical aspects of this framework and apply it to simulated datasets to illustrate its ability to decipher the respective contributions of entangled drivers of metacommunity dynamics. We then apply it to four empirical datasets. Empirical results support the view that metacommunity dynamics may be generally shaped by multiple ecological processes acting in concert, with environmental filtering being variable across both space and time. These results reinforce our call to go beyond static analyses of metacommunities that are blind to the temporal part of environmental variability.

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“…Figure 5 shows the species turnover rate consistent with a diversity of a  20 when σ d 2 1 = for different choices of t. Although the threshold t can have a specific biological interpretation, such as real establishment of a species defined through probability of extinction, or the observability of a species related to a given sampling procedure or even occurrence in paleontological data, we will not consider t as a parameter with a given biological interpretation. In practice, species accumulation curves over time, which is commonly used in estimation of species turnover rates in natural communities (for examples see Nuvoloni et al 2016) or over geological time scales (Roy 1996), are based on observable species only and must therefore indirectly refer to some threshold abundance t. However, here we introduce this parameter only to improve our understanding of the difference in temporal changes of species composition between the neutral and gamma model, regardless interpretation of t. We do not consider t as a parameter to be estimated but rather a parameter that can be varied theoretically to give the required insight.…”

Section: Species Turnover Rates Measured At Different Threshold Abundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neutral or non‐neutral communities: temporal dynamics provide the answer

Engen

Solbu

Sæther

2016

Oikos

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Neutral models for community dynamics are based on the assumption that temporal variation is only influenced by demographic stochasticity, ignoring the influence of fluctuations in the environment. Demographic and environmental stochasticity are known to have very different effects on the population dynamics of single species. Communities, however, are usually analyzed with emphasis on the shape of the species abundance distribution rather than on their dynamical characteristics. Accordingly, examination of the validity of the neutral model has typically been based on statistical analyses of the shape of the species abundance distribution or form of the species–area relationships. Here we illustrate that both demographic and environmental noise must be included to obtain realistic description of community dynamics. We do this by a simple approach comparing two different dynamic models both leading to Fisher's log series species abundance distribution: the neutral model with only demographic noise, and a limiting form of an approximate gamma model most strongly affected by environmental noise. While keeping Fisher's diversity parameter α constant, the turnover rates for observable species become much greater and average life‐times of species much smaller in the gamma model than in the neutral model. In practice, the neutral model tends to produce unrealistically small turnover rates for large populations. This illustrates that realistic assumptions about the stochastic components of the underlying population dynamics of single species are important for correctly characterizing dynamical changes in species composition of communities. This approach can provide a powerful tool for identifying the principal factors affecting the structure of communities.

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Species Turnover through Time: Colonization and Extinction Dynamics across Metacommunities

Cited by 15 publications

References 60 publications

Geographic signatures in species turnover: decoupling colonization and extinction across a latitudinal gradient

Geographic signatures in species turnover: decoupling colonization and extinction across a latitudinal gradient

Assessing metacommunity processes through signatures in spatiotemporal turnover of community composition

Neutral or non‐neutral communities: temporal dynamics provide the answer

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