Species specificity of resistance to oxygen diffusion in thin cuticular membranes from amphibious plants

Frost-Christensen, Henning; Jørgensen, Lise Bolt; Floto, F.

doi:10.1046/j.1365-3040.2003.00986.x

Cited by 50 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 16 publications

(25 reference statements)

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“…4a) will mainly be explained by a difference in cuticle thickness (Fig. 2, a, b, and d) and its putative decrease in resistance (Frost-Christensen et al, 2003). The differences in CO 2 affinity between the leaf types were not related to boundary layer effects, since boundary layers were minimal and similar in the leaf discs in the well-stirred cuvette.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…This is most obvious from the underwater photosynthetic performance at low CO 2 since affinity for CO 2 is the combined result of all diffusional resistances over the leaf, although it can also be affected by biochemical limitations (Centritto et al, 2003). Under water, cuticle resistance is considered to be an important factor determining CO 2 affinity (Frost-Christensen et al, 2003). Cuticle resistance is determined by its thickness and the chemical composition of waxes and cutin (Lequeu et al, 2003).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sand-Jensen et al (1992) and FrostChristensen and Sand-Jensen (1995) showed that aquatic leaves of these species have increased underwater CO 2 assimilation rates compared to their terrestrial counterparts, as a result of the reduced gas diffusion resistance of the leaves. Frost-Christensen et al (2003) also showed that this reduced gas diffusion resistance in aquatic leaves of amphibious plant species originates from reduced cuticle thickness and its reduced resistance for gases such as O 2 . Photosynthesis rates may, however, not only be hampered by diffusional resistances (Long and Bernacchi, 2003) but also by biochemical limitations (Centritto et al, 2003).…”

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confidence: 97%

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Submergence-Induced Morphological, Anatomical, and Biochemical Responses in a Terrestrial Species Affect Gas Diffusion Resistance and Photosynthetic Performance

Pons²,

et al. 2005

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Gas exchange between the plant and the environment is severely hampered when plants are submerged, leading to oxygen and energy deficits. A straightforward way to reduce these shortages of oxygen and carbohydrates would be continued photosynthesis under water, but this possibility has received only little attention. Here, we combine several techniques to investigate the consequences of anatomical and biochemical responses of the terrestrial species Rumex palustris to submergence for different aspects of photosynthesis under water. The orientation of the chloroplasts in submergence-acclimated leaves was toward the epidermis instead of the intercellular spaces, indicating that underwater CO 2 diffuses through the cuticle and epidermis. Interestingly, both the cuticle thickness and the epidermal cell wall thickness were significantly reduced upon submergence, suggesting a considerable decrease in diffusion resistance. This decrease in diffusion resistance greatly facilitated underwater photosynthesis, as indicated by higher underwater photosynthesis rates in submergence-acclimated leaves at all CO 2 concentrations investigated. The increased availability of internal CO 2 in these ''aquatic'' leaves reduced photorespiration, and furthermore reduced excitation pressure of the electron transport system and, thus, the risk of photodamage. Acclimation to submergence also altered photosynthesis biochemistry as reduced Rubisco contents were observed in aquatic leaves, indicating a lower carboxylation capacity. Electron transport capacity was also reduced in these leaves but not as strongly as the reduction in Rubisco, indicating a substantial increase of the ratio between electron transport and carboxylation capacity upon submergence. This novel finding suggests that this ratio may be less conservative than previously thought.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 97%

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Submergence-Induced Morphological, Anatomical, and Biochemical Responses in a Terrestrial Species Affect Gas Diffusion Resistance and Photosynthetic Performance

Pons²,

et al. 2005

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“…Regardless of the mechanism responsible for the conversion of HCO { 3 to CO 2 , it is clear that physicochemical processes can limit the supply of carbon to HCO { 3 -using macrophytes and that these processes will control the photosynthesis rate at low velocity when the CO 2 is supplied predominantly through diffusive rather than advective transport. There are a few mechanisms, however, that may explain the drop in O 2 flux: CO 2 diffusing out of the leaf and into the CO 2 -depleted CBL downstream of the leading edge, which may occur through the increase in CO 2 concentration within the leaf as a result of carbonconcentrating mechanisms (Frost-Christensen et al 2003;Madsen and Maberly 2003) and/or extruded H + may be advected away, which would reduce the ability of the leaf to either acidify the water overlying the surface or decrease the rate of HCO { 3 cotransport (Prins and Elezenga 1989;Madsen and Maberly 2003). Moreover, it is relevant to note that uncertainties in the pH measurement as well as the value of the dissociation constant (pK a ) used will cause the [CO 2 ] to vary (15 to 30 mmol m 23 for pK a ranging from 6.1 to 6.3).…”

Section: Time Scale Of Nutrient Diffusion and Uptakementioning

confidence: 99%

Diffusive boundary layers do not limit the photosynthesis of the aquatic macrophyte, Vallisneria americana, at moderate flows and saturating light levels

Nishihara¹,

Ackerman²

2009

Limnology & Oceanography

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Hydrodynamic models of mass transport assume that diffusive processes next to the surface limit transport and that there are no biological and chemical processes that control the supply and demand of the scalar. The validity of these assumptions was examined by measuring the momentum boundary layer (via particle image velocimetry) and the concentration boundary layer (via O 2 microsensors) over the leaves of Vallisneria americana. The O 2 flux (J obs ) was highest at x 5 2 cm downstream from the leading edge of the leaf and was 1.8 to 1.4 times higher than J obs measured at the trailing edge of the leaf at 0.5 cm s 21 and 6.6 cm s 21 mean velocity (U), respectively. The maximum J obs was 0.44 6 0.07 (mean 6 SE) vs. 0.50 6 0.09 mmol m 22 s 21 at 0.5 vs. ). An analysis of the time scale of nutrient diffusion (t D ) vs. nutrient uptake (t up ) through the measured diffusion boundary layer revealed that uptake was always the slower process (i.e., t D , t up ; t D and t up increased with x and decreased with U). Under moderate water velocities and saturating irradiance, uptake rates rather than diffusive transport processes appear to control mass transfer rates regardless of the location on the leaf and the water velocity.

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“…One such difference is that aquatic leaves have a thinner cuticle, which decreases the resistance to gas diffusion at the leaf surface (Frost-Christensen et al 2003;Mommer et al 2005a). A second difference is that aquatic leaves tend to have larger intercellular spaces.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological and anatomical changes of Melaleuca cajuputi under submergence

Tanaka

Masumori

Yamanoshita

et al. 2011

Trees

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Melaleuca cajuputi is a woody plant of the Myrtaceae which is a dominant species in tropical peat swamps in southern Thailand, where the groundwater level fluctuates greatly. Although the current year seedlings are likely submerged, their adaptive responses have never been studied. The objective of the present study was to examine their responses to submergence, and especially their morphological and anatomical changes. Not only did the seedlings of M. cajuputi survive submergence for 56 days, but they could also increase their dry weight, shoot length, and leaf number during submergence. These growth responses to submergence indicate that the seedlings of M. cajuputi could make photosynthetic production under water. The leaves that developed under water were heterophyllous ''aquatic leaves'' that appear to represent adaptations to improve the uptake of gases from the water. Intercellular spaces in the stems and leaves were more strongly developed in the submerged seedlings than in nonsubmerged seedlings with the shoot and leaves in the air. The intercellular spaces appear to be schizogenous aerenchyma that facilitates gas exchange. The growth responses and anatomical responses in stems and leaves to submergence, which were found in M. cajuputi, are commonly known in herbaceous plants with amphibious characteristics, but had not been reported in woody plants. And our results suggest that M. cajuputi adapts to submergence similarly to other amphibious plants, thereby ensuring continuing biomass production.

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Species specificity of resistance to oxygen diffusion in thin cuticular membranes from amphibious plants

Cited by 50 publications

References 16 publications

Submergence-Induced Morphological, Anatomical, and Biochemical Responses in a Terrestrial Species Affect Gas Diffusion Resistance and Photosynthetic Performance

Submergence-Induced Morphological, Anatomical, and Biochemical Responses in a Terrestrial Species Affect Gas Diffusion Resistance and Photosynthetic Performance

Diffusive boundary layers do not limit the photosynthesis of the aquatic macrophyte, Vallisneria americana, at moderate flows and saturating light levels

Morphological and anatomical changes of Melaleuca cajuputi under submergence

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