Species-specific wet-dry mass calibrations for dominant Northeastern Pacific Ocean macroalgae and seagrass

Wickham, Sara; Darimont, Chris T.; Reynolds, John D.; Starzomski, Brian M.

doi:10.1016/j.aquabot.2018.09.006

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 27 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…We placed two 20‐m transects parallel to the water—one transect at the most recent high tide line and one at the most recent storm line—and randomly placed three 1‐m 2 quadrats along each (Wickham et al, 2020). We identified each species in the quadrat to calibrate wet weights to dry weights for total wrack biomass per quadrat (Wickham et al, 2019). We calculated the mean wrack biomass of the 24 quadrats measured (4 sides × 2 transects × 3 quadrats) on each island.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To maximize the number of samples, we collected samples from a representative species or group of species from each trophic level that is common and abundant rather than species we explicitly know to be consumed by the next trophic level. Many of these samples were originally collected as discrete components of several separate projects under the umbrella of the "100 Islands Project" at the Hakai Institute (see Davidson et al, 2021;Nijland et al, 2017;Obrist et al, 2020;Wickham et al, 2019Wickham et al, , 2020. Additionally, due to the nature of small islands, we were unable to collect samples of every trophic level on every island.…”

Section: Field Collections and Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Biogeographic features mediate marine subsidies to island food webs

et al. 2022

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Although marine subsidies often enrich terrestrial ecosystems, their influence is known to be context‐dependent. Additionally, the multitrophic impact of marine subsidies has not been traced through food webs across physically diverse islands. Here, we test predictions about how island characteristics can affect marine enrichment of food web constituents and how nutrients flow through island food webs. To evaluate enrichment and trace marine nutrients across food webs, we used stable isotopes of soil, flora, and fauna (n = 4752 samples) collected from 97 islands in British Columbia, Canada. Island area was the strongest predictor of enrichment across taxa; we found that samples were more 15N‐rich on smaller islands. Enrichment declined with distance from shore but less so on small islands, implying a higher per‐unit‐area subsidy effect. These area and distance‐to‐shore effects were taxon‐specific, and nearly twice as strong in basal food web groups. We also found that increases in δ15N correlated with increases in %N in basal trophic groups, as well as in songbirds, implying biologically relevant uptake of a potentially limiting nutrient. Path analysis demonstrated that subsidies in soil flow through plants and detritivores, and into upper‐level consumers. Our results reveal an interplay between island biogeography and marine subsidies in shaping island food webs through bottom‐up processes.

show abstract

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Field Collections and Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biogeographic features mediate marine subsidies to island food webs

et al. 2022

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…We weighed wrack in three randomly placed 1 m 2 quadrats along each transect [34]. Wrack wet weights were calibrated to dry weight by species [35]. To linearize the data for analysis at an island level, we used the square root of the mean wrack biomass of the 24 biomass measurements per island.…”

Section: (C) Nutrient Subsidiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Marine subsidies mediate patterns in avian island biogeography

et al. 2020

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The classical theory of island biogeography , which predicts species richness using island area and isolation, has been expanded to include contributions from marine subsidies, i.e. subsidized island biogeography (SIB) theory . We tested the effects of marine subsidies on species diversity and population density on productive temperate islands, evaluating SIB predictions previously untested at comparable scales and subsidy levels. We found that the diversity of terrestrial breeding bird communities on 91 small islands (approx. 0.0001–3 km 2 ) along the Central Coast of British Columbia, Canada were correlated most strongly with island area, but also with marine subsidies. Species richness increased and population density decreased with island area, but isolation had no measurable influence. Species richness was negatively correlated with marine subsidy, measured as forest-edge soil δ 15 N. Density, however, was higher on islands with higher marine subsidy, and a negative interaction between area and subsidy indicates that this effect is stronger on smaller islands, offering some support for SIB. Our study emphasizes how subsidies from the sea can shape diversity patterns on islands and can even exceed the importance of isolation in determining species richness and densities of terrestrial biota.

show abstract

“…Seaweeds also are sources of protein from the ocean and 97% of the harvest weight is from aquaculture (Table 3 ). Seaweeds have an average dry matter concentration of 17% (Rasyid, 2017 ; Wickham et al, 2019 ), and the dry matter has an average crude protein concentration of 16.7% (Angell et al, 2015 ; Biancarosa et al, 2016 ; Rasyid, 2017 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The contribution of fisheries and aquaculture to the global protein supply

2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The contribution of aquatic animal protein to the global, animal-source protein supply and the relative importance of aquaculture to capture fisheries in supplying this protein is relevant in assessments and decisions related to the future of aquatic food production and its security. Meat of terrestrial animals, milk, and eggs resulted in 76,966 Kt crude protein compared with 13,950 Kt or 15.3% from aquatic animals in 2018.While aquaculture produced a greater tonnage of aquatic animals, capture fisheries resulted in 7,135 Kt crude protein while aquaculture yielded 6,815 Kt. Capture fisheries production has not increased in the past two decades, and aquaculture production must increase to assure the growing demand for fisheries products by a larger and more affluent population. We estimated based on status quo consumption, that aquaculture production would need to increase from 82,087 Kt in 2018 to 129,000 Kt by 2050 to meet the demand of the greater population. About two-thirds of finfish and crustacean production by aquaculture is feed-based, and feeds for these species include fishmeal and fish oil as ingredients. Aquaculture feeds require a major portion of the global supply of fishmeal and fish oil. An estimated 71.0% of fishmeal and 73.9% of fish oil are made from the catch with the rest coming from aquatic animal processing waste. The catch of small, pelagic fish from the ocean is not predicted to increase in the future. Aquaculture should reduce its fishmeal and oil use to lessen its dependency on small wild fish important to the integrity of marine food webs and food security for the poor in many coastal areas. Fishmeal and fish oil shortages for use in aquaculture feed will result in a limit on production in the future if goals to lessen their use in feeds are not met.

show abstract

Species-specific wet-dry mass calibrations for dominant Northeastern Pacific Ocean macroalgae and seagrass

Cited by 12 publications

References 27 publications

Biogeographic features mediate marine subsidies to island food webs

Biogeographic features mediate marine subsidies to island food webs

Marine subsidies mediate patterns in avian island biogeography

The contribution of fisheries and aquaculture to the global protein supply

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About