Species-specific Prevalence of Vaginal Candidiasis Among Patients with Diabetes Mellitus and its Relation to their Glycaemic Status

Goswami, Ravinder; Dadhwal, Vatsla; Tejaswi, Sooraj; Datta, Kausik; Paul, Abhijit; Haricharan, Ramanath N.; Banerjee, Uma; Kochupillai, N.

doi:10.1053/jinf.2000.0723

Cited by 114 publications

(121 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Several studies have shown that non-C. albicans species are less sensitive to certain antifungals and, consequently, are more difficult to treat. This can contribute to a greater risk for systemic infection (10,16,28,42). Although only 16% of the diabetic subjects stated a history of fungal infection and antifungal medication usage, the larger numbers of other candidal species might be attributed to the unreported use of antifungal medications.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) in Human β-Defensin 1: High-Throughput SNP Assays and Association with Candida Carriage in Type I Diabetics and Nondiabetic Controls

Jurevic¹,

et al. 2003

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␤-Defensins are cationic antimicrobial peptides expressed in epithelia. They exhibit antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral properties. Defensins are a component of the innate immune response, and it has been proposed that they have a protective role in the oral cavity. Previous studies have shown that human ␤-defensin 1 (hBD-1) is constitutively expressed in oral epithelial cells but that expression varies between individuals. We tested the hypothesis that genetic variations in defensin peptide expression may be associated with opportunistic infections. This may be critical in the immunocompromised patient population, in which innate immune responses may have a relatively more important role. Oral Candida carriage status and the presence of six single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the DEFB1 gene encoding hBD-1 were evaluated in type I diabetic patients (n ‫؍‬ 43) and nondiabetic controls (n ‫؍‬ 50). Genomic DNA was obtained from buccal swabs. Portions of the DEFB1 gene were amplified, and each SNP was analyzed by a TaqMan assay, standardized with control DNA of known genotype. Candida carriage status was determined from unstimulated saliva on CHROMagar plating medium. A low level of Candida carriage was defined as <350 CFU/ml. A high level of Candida carriage was seen in 44% of the diabetic subjects but only in 28% of the nondiabetic controls (P < 0.05). C. albicans predominated; however, diabetic subjects, especially those with high levels of carriage, showed an increased proportion of Candida glabrata and C. tropicalis. There was a strong association between an SNP in the 5 untranslated region (C3G at position ؊44) and Candida carriage in both groups. Among individuals in the diabetic population who had the SNP allele 2 (G), 58% had low CFU, while 6% had high CFU. The C3G SNP at position ؊44 is associated with low levels of Candida carriage. The resultant odd ratios are statistically significant for a protective effect (odd ratios, 25 for diabetic subjects and 8.5 for nondiabetic subjects). These results indicate that genetic variations in the DEFB1 gene encoding hBD-1 may have a major role in mediating and/or contributing to susceptibility to oral infection.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) in Human β-Defensin 1: High-Throughput SNP Assays and Association with Candida Carriage in Type I Diabetics and Nondiabetic Controls

Jurevic¹,

et al. 2003

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“…In the disseminated form, C. albicans could salvage inositol from a human serum concentration of 15-70 mM myo-inositol (Ostlund et al, 1993;Kouzuma et al, 2001), which increases further in liver tissue and lymphatic fluid and can reach a concentration of 200-270 mM myo-inositol in cerebrospinal fluid (Lentner, 1981). One of the complications associated with diabetes mellitus can be an increased rate of urogenital candidiasis (Goswami et al, 2000;de Leon et al, 2002). At the same time, a 10-fold increase of the urinary myo-inositol concentration of diabetics has been reported (Ostlund et al, 1993;Kouzuma et al, 2001), and it appears possible that elevated urinary levels of myo-inositol as a growth factor for yeast may contribute to the increased Candida growth in diabetes mellitus patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-affinity myo-inositol transport in Candida albicans: substrate specificity and pharmacology

Jian

Seyfang

2003

Microbiology

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Inositol is considered a growth factor in yeast cells and it plays an important role in Candida as an essential precursor for phospholipomannan, a glycophosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored glycolipid on the cell surface of Candida which is involved in the pathogenicity of this opportunistic fungus and which binds to and stimulates human macrophages. In addition, inositol plays an essential role in the phosphatidylinositol signal transduction pathway, which controls many cell cycle events. Here, high-affinity myo-inositol uptake in Candida albicans has been characterized, with an apparent K m value of 240±15 μM, which appears to be active and energy-dependent as revealed by inhibition with azide and protonophores (FCCP, dinitrophenol). Candida myo-inositol transport was sodium-independent but proton-coupled with an apparent K m value of 11·0±1·1 nM for H+, equal pH 7·96±0·05, suggesting that the C. albicans myo-inositol–H+ transporter is fully activated at physiological pH. C. albicans inositol transport was not affected by cytochalasin B, phloretin or phlorizin, an inhibitor of mammalian sodium-dependent inositol transport. Furthermore, myo-inositol transport showed high substrate specificity for inositol and was not significantly affected by hexose or pentose sugars as competitors, despite their structural similarity. Transport kinetics in the presence of eight different inositol isomers as competitors revealed that proton bonds between the C-2, C-3 and C-4 hydroxyl groups of myo-inositol and the transporter protein play a critical role for substrate recognition and binding. It is concluded that C. albicans myo-inositol–H+ transport differs kinetically and pharmacologically from the human sodium-dependent myo-inositol transport system and constitutes an attractive target for delivery of cytotoxic inositol analogues in this pathogenic fungus.

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“…Only one of our patients with a history of RVVC was obese. Intake of rapid carbohydrates is believed to be able to induce new attacks of RVVC (21,22). However, available data are inconsistent regarding the impact of certain diets on RVVC (2).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of women with a history of recurrent vulvovaginal candidosis

Novikova¹,

Mårdh²

2002

Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand

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Characterization of women with a history of recurrent vulvovaginal candidosis.Novikova, Natalia; Mårdh, Per-Anders Published in: Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica DOI: 10.1034/j. 1600 -0412.2002 .811109.x Published: 2002 Link to publication Citation for published version (APA): Novikova, N., & Mårdh, P-A. (2002). Characterization of women with a history of recurrent vulvovaginal candidosis. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica, 81(11), 1047-1052. DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0412.2002 General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights.• Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research.• You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Background. To characterize history, signs, and symptoms in women with a history of recurrent vulvovaginal candidosis (RVVC) and who had consulted with symptoms generally associated with the condition. Methods. Eighty-three women with a history consistent with RVVC were interviewed regarding 32 parameters and 10 signs found at the clinical examination were noted. Candida cultures were made from the introitus and the posterior vaginal fornix.Results. Only in a few of the 43 women with and the 40 without a positive yeast culture could any of the many etiological factors that have been associated with RVVC be traced. Only two factors differed between the groups, namely yogurt intake, which was reported by 28 (68%) and 38 (95%) women in these groups, respectively. Vaginal douching was performed by 10 (23%) women in the Candida-positive group and by 17 (42%) women in the Candidanegative group. Pruritis and burning occurred in 31 (72%) and 22 (51%) of culture-positive patients, which was less frequent than in the culture-negative group, i.e. reported by 19 (47%) and 9 (22%) patients, respectively (p Ω 0.022 and p Ω 0.007). Edema (p Ω 0.026) of the vulva as well as erythema (p Ω 0.019) and edema (p Ω 0.008) of the vaginal mucosa, caseous discharge (p Ω 0.016), were found more often in the Candida culture-positive cases. Conclusions. History and results of clinical examination of patients with RVVC are not enough to distinguish those who are culture-positive from those who are culture-negative for Candida from the genital tract.

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Species-specific Prevalence of Vaginal Candidiasis Among Patients with Diabetes Mellitus and its Relation to their Glycaemic Status

Cited by 114 publications

References 19 publications

Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) in Human β-Defensin 1: High-Throughput SNP Assays and Association with Candida Carriage in Type I Diabetics and Nondiabetic Controls

Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) in Human β-Defensin 1: High-Throughput SNP Assays and Association with Candida Carriage in Type I Diabetics and Nondiabetic Controls

High-affinity myo-inositol transport in Candida albicans: substrate specificity and pharmacology

Characterization of women with a history of recurrent vulvovaginal candidosis

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