Species‐specific metabolism of naphthalene and phenanthrene in 3 species of marine teleosts exposed to Deepwater Horizon crude oil

Abstract

The 2 most abundant polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) measured in Deepwater Horizon crude oil, naphthalene and phenanthrene, and their associated homologs have both been shown to be acutely toxic in fish. Although fish have a relatively high metabolic capacity for PAHs, hydroxylated PAH (OH-PAH) derivatives formed during the initial metabolic response can negatively impact the health of fish. Species-specific metabolism of naphthalene and phenanthrene was evaluated in 3 marine teleosts, red drum (Scianops ocellatus), Florida pompano (Trachinotus carolinus), and southern flounder (Paralichthys lethostigma). Fish were exposed to Deepwater Horizon crude oil by intraperitoneal injections at time 0 and 48 h, with bile sampling events at 24 and 72 h post injection. The data suggested metabolic induction in Florida pompano and red drum, whereas southern flounder may have demonstrated metabolic fatigue. By 24 h post injection, overall profiles of red drum and southern flounder were dominated by hydroxylated phenanthrene metabolites; conversely, the Florida pompano profiles were dominated by monohydroxylated naphthalenes. In addition, Florida pompano had faster overall relative biotransformation rates, suggesting their potential decreased susceptibility to adverse effects. Red drum and southern flounder had much lower relative biotransformation rates, indicating their probable susceptibility to adverse outcomes after naphthalene and phenanthrene exposures. To our knowledge, the present study is the first to investigate monohydroxylated PAHs in fish exposed to Deepwater Horizon oil.

Comparative developmental toxicity of a comprehensive suite of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

“…These structures were selected for broad coverage of environmental and metabolic byproduct prevalence. Hydroxy-PAHs were emphasized due to their ready formation as metabolites in fish and humans following PAH exposure, and by fossil fuel combustion and environmental oxidation (Diamanti-Kandarakis et al 2009; Luderer et al 2017; Pulster et al 2017; Simoneit et al 2007; Wang et al 2017). Furthermore, cytochrome P450, family 1, subfamily A (CYP1A) expression patterns were characterized for each compound as an indicator for AhR activation.…”

Toxic Effects on Dunaliella salina, Mysidopsis bahia, and Mugilogobius chulae from Ship Exhaust Gas Closed-loop Scrubber Wash Water

“…In comparison, M. bahia and M. chulae mortality increased in 1.25% wash water, with close to all M. bahia being dead at 10% wash water and the mortality rate of M. chulae in 20% wash water was only 42.5% in our study. The discrepancy can be explained either by the difference in the chemical compositions of wash water from these three studies or by the difference in sensitivity of the test organisms -sh has a relatively high metabolic capacity for PAHs [50] , therefore, compared to copepods or mysid, sh might be decreased potential susceptibility to adverse effects to wash water. Hunt et al [51] observed marine mysid (Mysidopsis intii) was more sensitive to Ni than the marine sh (Atherinops a nis).…”

Impacts of Petroleum, Petroleum Components, and Dispersants on Organisms and Populations

“…In multispecies exposure trials conducted at the Mote Marine Laboratory post-DWH, Pulster et al (2017) exposed red drum, Florida pompano (Trachinotus carolinus), and southern flounder to intraperitoneal injections of DWH crude. Although fishes have a high capacity for metabolizing PAHs, their ability to metabolize subsequent metabolites is poorly understood.…”