Species-Specific Effects on Throughfall Kinetic Energy in Subtropical Forest Plantations Are Related to Leaf Traits and Tree Architecture

Goebes, Philipp; Bruelheide, Helge; Härdtle, Werner; Kröber, Wenzel; Kühn, Peter; Li, Ying; Seitz, Steffen; Oheimb, Goddert von; Scholten, Thomas

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0128084

Cited by 46 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The results of the rainfall simulation experiments were slightly unexpected given that P. acerifolia had a larger canopy area (CA), a larger total leaf area (PSA) and large leaves with serrated edges that might be likely to facilitate greater water adherence to a leaf (Goebes et al, 2015;Holder & Gibbes, 2016). Not surprisingly, this species retained more canopy water than C. maculata that has waxy pendulous leaves and smoother bark surfaces that promote the rapid drainage of water from the canopy and that may partially explain the small water storage capacity of this tree species (Carlyle-Moses & Schooling, 2015; Crockford & Richardson, 2000;Livesley et al, 2014;Park & Cameron, 2008).…”

Section: Canopy Water Storage and Its Relation To Psa Metricsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An important characteristic of trees that greatly determine their capacity to intercept and store water is the overall surface area of the canopy made up of individual leaves (Aston, ; Li et al, ; Xiao & McPherson, ). As such, leaf area index (LAI), or the surface area of leaves included in 1 m 2 of ground area (m 2 /m 2 ), is commonly used to represent the ability of a tree to intercept and store water (Aston, ; Barbier, Balandier, & Gosselin, ; Goebes, Bruelheide, Härdtle, & Kröber, ; Li et al, ; Xiao & McPherson, ; Yang, Endreny, & Nowak, ). Although the areal extent of leaves is clearly important for interception, less well understood is the influence of plant area density (PAD) or the total leaf and stem area per unit volume of canopy (m 2 /m 3 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Variation in leaf area density drives the rainfall storage capacity of individual urban tree species

Baptista

Livesley

Parmehr

et al. 2018

Hydrological Processes

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A rapid rise of urban population is making cities denser. Consequently, the proportion of impervious surface cover has enlarged, increasing the amount and speed of run‐off reaching urban catchment areas, which may cause flash flooding. Trees play a key role to reduce run‐off in the city, as they intercept rainfall and store part of it on their leaves and branches, reducing the amount and speed of water running onto impervious surfaces. Storage capacity will depend on the rainfall event, the climate conditions and tree characteristics and canopy density. These canopy characteristics vary greatly among different species and their phenology. Furthermore, these canopy characteristics can vary greatly among individual trees of the same age, size, and species. This study tested how canopy density and leaf characteristics of three different tree species affect storage capacity under simulated rainfall conditions. Three species were selected (Ulmus procera, Platanus × acerifolia, and Corymbia maculata), each being of the same height and similar canopy dimensions. Storage capacity was measured using a mass balance approach during a 15‐min indoor, simulated rainfall event (2.5 mm/hr). Canopy metrics were estimated using a terrestrial laser scanner. Canopy surface area was measured through destructive harvest and leaf/twig/branch scanning. To investigate variations in the canopy leaf density, leaves were systematically removed to create four treatments: full, half, quarter, and woody. Canopy storage capacity was well correlated to plant surface area (m2), plant area index (m2/m2), and plant area density (m2/m3). All analyses indicated U. procera as the most efficient species for storing rainfall water within a canopy of equal volume or area index. Results reveal the complexity of evaluating interception of rainfall by tree canopies. This study contributes to the discipline and practice by distinguishing how variation in the leaf density is important to consider when selecting urban tree species to be planted.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Canopy Water Storage and Its Relation To Psa Metricsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Variation in leaf area density drives the rainfall storage capacity of individual urban tree species

Baptista

Livesley

Parmehr

et al. 2018

Hydrological Processes

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“…Nanko et al attributed differences among DSDs of a few tree species ( Quercus acutissima (sawtooth oak), Chamaecyparis obtusa (Japanese cypress) and Cryptomeria japonica (Japanese cedar)) to the fact that intercepted water was better able to coalesce on oak leaves than more hydrophobic conifer needles. Leaf pubescence, which can also affect hydrophobicity, is another factor affecting throughfall drop size …”

Section: Determinants Of Throughfall Drop Sizementioning

confidence: 99%

Throughfall drop size distributions: a review and prospectus for future research

et al. 2017

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Throughfall is the dominant input of water to forests. Throughfall drop size and the distribution thereof are important because of their influence on the forest water balance, soil erosion, and, possibly, biogeochemical cycling. However, our inadequate understanding of throughfall drop size distributions has hampered progress in the identification of direct and indirect linkages between throughfall inputs and the biogeochemistry and physiological ecology of forests. This review provides a snapshot of our current understanding of throughfall drop size distributions by tracing the historical development of throughfall drop size studies and examining the determinants of throughfall drop size. The theory and methods of drop size studies also are reviewed to consolidate our collective knowledge of throughfall drop size distributions to date. Some of the gaps in our current knowledge, among many, include: (1) the effects of snowmelt on throughfall drop size; (2) the role and extent to which different canopy phenophases affect throughfall drop size; and (3) the extent to which throughfall drop size affects the chemistry of and biogeochemical cycling within forest soils. Closing these knowledge gaps will likely lead to the better conceptualization of rainfall partitioning processes and more definitive linkages between the cause-and-effect relationships between throughfall and soil erosion, forest biogeochemistry, and plant physiological ecology, for example.

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“…Splash cups are light, reliable and allow a high number of replications on different positions under a tree. Results permit detecting differences in kinetic energy between different tree species and diversity levels (Geißler et al, 2013;Goebes, Bruelheide, et al, 2015;Goebes, Seitz, et al, 2015).…”

Section: Soil Erosion Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward a methodical framework for comprehensively assessing forest multifunctionality

Trogisch

Schuldt

Bauhus

et al. 2017

Ecology and Evolution

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Biodiversity–ecosystem functioning (BEF) research has extended its scope from communities that are short‐lived or reshape their structure annually to structurally complex forest ecosystems. The establishment of tree diversity experiments poses specific methodological challenges for assessing the multiple functions provided by forest ecosystems. In particular, methodological inconsistencies and nonstandardized protocols impede the analysis of multifunctionality within, and comparability across the increasing number of tree diversity experiments. By providing an overview on key methods currently applied in one of the largest forest biodiversity experiments, we show how methods differing in scale and simplicity can be combined to retrieve consistent data allowing novel insights into forest ecosystem functioning. Furthermore, we discuss and develop recommendations for the integration and transferability of diverse methodical approaches to present and future forest biodiversity experiments. We identified four principles that should guide basic decisions concerning method selection for tree diversity experiments and forest BEF research: (1) method selection should be directed toward maximizing data density to increase the number of measured variables in each plot. (2) Methods should cover all relevant scales of the experiment to consider scale dependencies of biodiversity effects. (3) The same variable should be evaluated with the same method across space and time for adequate larger‐scale and longer‐time data analysis and to reduce errors due to changing measurement protocols. (4) Standardized, practical and rapid methods for assessing biodiversity and ecosystem functions should be promoted to increase comparability among forest BEF experiments. We demonstrate that currently available methods provide us with a sophisticated toolbox to improve a synergistic understanding of forest multifunctionality. However, these methods require further adjustment to the specific requirements of structurally complex and long‐lived forest ecosystems. By applying methods connecting relevant scales, trophic levels, and above‐ and belowground ecosystem compartments, knowledge gain from large tree diversity experiments can be optimized.

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Species-Specific Effects on Throughfall Kinetic Energy in Subtropical Forest Plantations Are Related to Leaf Traits and Tree Architecture

Cited by 46 publications

References 49 publications

Variation in leaf area density drives the rainfall storage capacity of individual urban tree species

Variation in leaf area density drives the rainfall storage capacity of individual urban tree species

Throughfall drop size distributions: a review and prospectus for future research

Toward a methodical framework for comprehensively assessing forest multifunctionality

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