Species-specific differences in Toxoplasma gondii, Neospora caninum and Besnoitia besnoiti seroprevalence in Namibian wildlife

Seltmann, Anne; Schares, Gereon; Aschenborn, Ortwin; Heinrich, Sonja K.; Thalwitzer, Susanne; Wachter, Bettina; Czirják, Gábor Á.

doi:10.1186/s13071-019-3871-3

Cited by 36 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of isolated viable T. gondii from caracal. This is also the first study to document T. gondii cysts directly from the striated muscles of caracals; however earlier studies only detected the antibodies to T. gondii in caracals ( Serieys et al, 2019 ; de Camps et al, 2008 ; Zhang et al, 1991 , 2001 ; Shi et al, 1992 ; Spencer et al, 2003 ; Gomez-Rios et al, 2019 ; Seltmann et al, 2020 ; Dubey et al, 2010 ). In this study, isolation T. gondii stain from caracal case # 1 was unsuccessful.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…Chickens, rabbits, raw pork and beef are the main food for captive caracals. Currently, only some studies reported the presence of seroconversion antibody to T. gondii in caracals ( de Camps et al, 2008 ; Spencer et al, 2003 ; Gomez-Rios et al, 2019 ; Serieys et al, 2019 ; Seltmann et al, 2020 ; Dubey et al, 2010 ). Varied rate of T. gondii infection has been documented in caracals around the world ( Table 1 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…positive/No. tested % Positive Test Antibody titers References United States 2/4 50.0 MAT 1:400 ≧1:3200 de Camps et al (2008) United States 1/1 100.0 IFAT 1:100 Spencer et al (2003) Mexico 1/1 1/1 100.0 ELISA IFAT – 1:160 Gomez-Rios et al (2019) South Africa 24/29 82.8 IFAT – Serieys et al (2019) Namibia 10/15 66.7 ELISA – Seltmann et al (2020) United Arab Emirates 6/7 85.7 MAT 1:100 (2), 1:200 (3), 1:3200 (1) Dubey et al (2010) China 0/1 – ELISA – Zhang et al (2001) China 1/1 100.0 DAT ≧1:16 Zhang et al (1991) China 1/1 100.0 DAT 1:16 Sh...…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Isolation and characterization of Toxoplasma gondii from captive caracals (Caracal caracal)

Jiang

Xin

Li³

et al. 2020

International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife

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Toxoplasma gondii infects most warm-blooded animals, including humans. Felids can serve as both intermediate and definitive hosts for T. gondii . However, there is no direct evidence to prove the caracal ( Caracal caracal ) is an intermediate host for T. gondii . Here, we report T. gondii infection in two caracals in a zoo from China. Antibodies against T. gondii were found in both caracals by modified agglutination test (MAT) (cut-off titer: 1:25). Tissue cysts were observed in the leg and tongue muscles of caracal case # 1. These cysts were confirmed as T. gondii by immunohistochemical staining and T. gondii was detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Viable T. gondii strain was isolated from the striated muscles of caracal case # 2 and designated as TgCaracalCHn1. DNA from tachyzoites obtained from cell cultures was characterized by RFLP-PCR using ten markers ( SAG1, SAG3, SAG2, BTUB, c22-8, GRA6, c29-2, PK1, L358, and Apico ) and the virulence genes ( ROP5 and ROP18 ). The results indicate that this isolate belongs to ToxoDB genotye #2 (Type III). The virulence of this isolate was evaluated in BALB/c mice. A dose of 10 4 TgCaracalCHn1 tachyzoites was non-lethal to mice. Tissue cysts were found in brain tissues of infected mice. This result confirmed that the TgCaracalCHn1 is non-virulent to mice. Current study documents first isolation of viable T. gondii strain from caracal and also indicates that caracal can act as new intermediate host for T. gondii .

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Isolation and characterization of Toxoplasma gondii from captive caracals (Caracal caracal)

Jiang

Xin

Li³

et al. 2020

International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife

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“…In contrast, we applied a bacterially expressed biotinylated recombinant TgSAG1 [37], the major surface antigen of T. gondii tachyzoites [24], which is used widely for serodiagnosis in humans, but also in wild or livestock animals (e.g. [47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55]). Our recombinant TgSAG1 bio is unique in that it allows an oriented and reproducible coupling of the antigen to streptavidincoated magnetic Luminex beads via a single C-terminal biotin [37].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluorescent bead-based serological detection of Toxoplasma gondii infection in chickens

et al. 2020

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Background: Free-ranging chickens are often infected with Toxoplasma gondii and seroconvert upon infection. This indicates environmental contamination with T. gondii. Methods: Here, we established a bead-based multiplex assay (BBMA) using the Luminex technology for the detection of T. gondii infections in chickens. Recombinant biotinylated T. gondii surface antigen 1 (TgSAG1 bio) bound to streptavidin-conjugated magnetic Luminex beads served as antigen. Serum antibodies were detected by a fluorophore-coupled secondary antibody. Beads of differing color codes were conjugated with anti-chicken IgY or chicken serum albumin and served for each sample as an internal positive or negative control, respectively. The assay was validated with sera from experimentally and naturally infected chickens. The results were compared to those from reference methods, including other serological tests, PCRs and bioassay in mice. Results: In experimentally infected chickens, the vast majority (98.5%, n = 65/66) of birds tested seropositive in the BBMA. This included all chickens positive by magnetic-capture PCR (100%, n = 45/45). Most, but not all inoculated and TgSAG1 bio-BBMA-positive chickens were also positive in two previously established TgSAG1-ELISAs (TgSAG1-ELISA SL , n = 61/65; or TgSAG1-ELISA SH , n = 60/65), or positive in an immunofluorescence assay (IFAT, n = 64/65) and in a modified agglutination test (MAT, n = 61/65). All non-inoculated control animals (n = 28/28, 100%) tested negative. In naturally exposed chickens, the TgSAG1 bio-BBMA showed a high sensitivity (98.5%; 95% confidence interval, CI: 90.7-99.9%) and specificity (100%; 95% CI: 85.0-100%) relative to a reference standard established using ELISA, IFAT and MAT. Almost all naturally exposed chickens that were positive in bioassay or by PCR tested positive in the TgSAG1 bio-BBMA (93.5%; 95% CI: 77.1-98.9%), while all bioassay-or PCR-negative chickens remained negative (100%; 95% CI: 85.0-100%). Conclusions: The TgSAG1 bio-BBMA represents a suitable method for the detection of T. gondii infections in chickens with high sensitivity and specificity, which is comparable or even superior to other tests. Since assays based on this methodology allow for the simultaneous analysis of a single biological sample with respect to multiple analytes, the described assay may represent a component in future multiplex assays for broad serological monitoring of poultry and other farm animals for various pathogens.

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“…In contrast, we applied a bacterially expressed biotinylated recombinant TgSAG1 [37], the major surface antigen of T. gondii tachyzoites [24], which is used widely for serodiagnosis in humans, but also in wild or livestock animals (e.g. [47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55]). Our recombinant TgSAG1 bio is unique in that it allows an oriented and reproducible coupling of the antigen to streptavidin-coated magnetic Luminex beads via a single C-terminal biotin [37].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluorescent bead-based serological detection of Toxoplasma gondii infection in chickens

Fabian

Hedar

Koethe

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Free-ranging chickens are often infected with Toxoplasma gondii and seroconvert upon infection. This indicates environmental contamination with T. gondii. Methods: Here, we established a bead-based multiplex assay (BBMA) using the Luminex technology for the detection of T. gondii infections in chickens. Recombinant biotinylated T. gondii surface antigen 1 (TgSAG1bio) bound to streptavidin-conjugated magnetic Luminex beads served as antigen. Serum antibodies were detected by a fluorophore-coupled secondary antibody. Beads of differing color codes were conjugated with anti-chicken IgY or chicken serum albumin and served for each sample as an internal positive or negative control, respectively. The assay was validated with sera from experimentally and naturally infected chickens. The results were compared to those from reference methods, including other serological tests, PCRs and bioassay in mice.Results: In experimentally infected chickens, the vast majority (98.5%, n = 65/66) of birds tested seropositive in the BBMA. This included all chickens positive by magnetic-capture PCR (100%, n = 45/45). Most, but not all inoculated and TgSAG1bio-BBMA-positive chickens were also positive in two previously established TgSAG1-ELISAs (TgSAG1-ELISASL, n = 61/65; or TgSAG1-ELISASH, n = 60/65), or positive in an immunofluorescence assay (IFAT, n = 64/65)) and in a modified agglutination test (MAT, n = 61/65). All non-inoculated control animals (n = 28/28, 100%) tested negative. In naturally exposed chickens, the TgSAG1bio-BBMA showed a high sensitivity (98.5%; 95% confidence interval, CI: 90.7–99.9%) and specificity (100%; 95% CI: 85.0–100%) relative to a reference standard established using ELISA, IFAT and MAT. Almost all naturally exposed chickens that were positive in bioassay or by PCR tested positive in the TgSAG1bio-BBMA (93.5%; 95% CI: 77.1–98.9%), while all bioassay- or PCR-negative chickens remained negative (100%; 95% CI: 85.0–100%).Conclusions: The TgSAG1bio-BBMA represents a suitable method for the detection of T. gondii infections in chickens with high sensitivity and specificity, which is comparable or even superior to other tests. Since assays based on this methodology allow for the simultaneous analysis of a single biological sample with respect to multiple analytes, the described assay may represent a component in future multiplex assays for broad serological monitoring of poultry and other farm animals for various pathogens.

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Species-specific differences in Toxoplasma gondii, Neospora caninum and Besnoitia besnoiti seroprevalence in Namibian wildlife

Cited by 36 publications

References 71 publications

Isolation and characterization of Toxoplasma gondii from captive caracals (Caracal caracal)

Isolation and characterization of Toxoplasma gondii from captive caracals (Caracal caracal)

Fluorescent bead-based serological detection of Toxoplasma gondii infection in chickens

Fluorescent bead-based serological detection of Toxoplasma gondii infection in chickens

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