Species shifts in response to climate change: Individual or shared responses?1,2

Pucko, Carolyn; Beckage, Brian; Perkins, Timothy D.; Keeton, William S.

doi:10.3159/torrey-d-10-00011.1

Cited by 27 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…Species responses may become increasingly divergent as the magnitude of climate change increases (Pucko et al 2011). Experimental studies have been increasingly used to help understand and predict these responses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Consequences of altered temperature regimes for emerging freshwater invertebrates

et al. 2016

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We used highly realistic temperature treatments based on down-scaled global circulation models for 1990-2000 (control) and 2100 (warming treatment) to experimentally assess the impacts of altered temperature regimes on the emerging adults of aquatic insect communities. Experiments were run for 6 weeks and emerging adults of insects were identified and measured for length. There were clear responses to the warming treatment, but responses were taxa-and gender-specific. Males of mayfly Ulmerophlebia pipinna Suter 1986 (Leptophlebiidae) emerged faster under 2100 temperatures. This resulted in a change in the sex ratio that could compromise populations. Mean body size of some insects decreased under warming conditions, which is in agreement with the general hypothesis of reduced body size in response to climate change. However, the degree to which organism size was affected by temperature varied within and between taxa. These changes show the potential for changed temperature regimes to impact ecological systems at individual, population, and community levels. Changes in body size and species composition of emerging insects are likely to impact different levels in both the aquatic and terrestrial communities, for example through disruption of interactions between emerging insects and riparian predators which rely on those resources.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Consequences of altered temperature regimes for emerging freshwater invertebrates

et al. 2016

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“…Some predictions of biotic responses to climate rely on envelope models (Pearson and Dawson 2003). While substantial work and debate focuses on bioclimate envelope modeling to predict species distributions (Busby 1991;Pearson and Dawson 2003;Elith and Leathwick 2009;Dainese 2012), few studies explore the issue of compositional responses of ecosystems to climate change, particularly at the floristic level (Baselga and Araújo 2009; Pucko et al 2011;Friggens et al 2012). Halpin (1997) showed that when the envelope of climatic conditions describing the distribution of an ecosystem no longer exists at a location, the ecosystem contracts and eventually disappears.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate change and ecosystem composition across large landscapes

Jennings

Harris

2016

Landscape Ecol

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Context Climate change alters the vegetation composition and functioning of ecosystems. Measuring the magnitude, direction, and rate of changes in vegetation composition induced by climate remains a serious and unmet challenge. Such information is required for a predictive capability of how individual ecosystem will respond to future climates. Objectives Our objectives were to identify the relationships between 20 climate variables and 39 ecosystems across the southwestern USA. We sought to understand the magnitude of relationships between variation in vegetation composition and bioclimatic variables as well as the amount of ecosystem area expected to be affected by future climate changes.Methods Bioclimatic variables best explaining the plant species composition of each ecosystem were identified. The strength of relationships between beta turnover and bioclimate gradients was calculated, the spatial concordance of ecosystem and bioclimate configurations was shown, and the area of suitable climate remaining within the boundaries of contemporary ecosystems under future climate projections was measured.

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“…Homogenization of the spatial components of species diversity would be an anticipated consequence of synchronous upslope movement of forest species, as might be predicted from expectations of climate warming alone, but we found little evidence for coordinated upslope shifts in species ranges (Figure ). Rather, shifts in elevational range and density appeared less cohesive and unique to individual species (e.g., Pucko, Beckage, Perkins, & Keeton, ; Wason & Dovciak, ), with higher densities of common low‐elevation species such as F. grandifolia occupying the temperate–boreal ecotone (TBE) while high‐elevation species such as P. rubens have expanded downslope, both contributing to increased homogenization and decreased separation of community composition along the elevational gradient.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long‐term monitoring reveals forest tree community change driven by atmospheric sulphate pollution and contemporary climate change

Verrico

Weiland

Perkins

et al. 2019

Diversity and Distributions

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Aim Montane environments are sentinels of global change, providing unique opportunities to assess impacts on species diversity. Multiple anthropogenic stressors such as climate change and atmospheric pollution may act concurrently or synergistically in restructuring communities. Thus, a major challenge for conservation is untangling the relative importance of different stressors. Here, we combine long‐term monitoring with multivariate community modelling to estimate the anthropogenic drivers shaping forest tree diversity along an elevational gradient. Location Camels Hump Mountain, Vermont, USA. Methods We used Generalized Dissimilarity Modelling (GDM) to model spatial and temporal turnover in beta diversity along an elevational gradient over a 50‐year period and tested for spatiotemporal shifts in density and elevational distribution of individual species. GDMs were used to predict community turnover as nonlinear functions of changes in elevation, climate and atmospheric pollution. Results We observed significant shifts in elevational range and density of individual species, which contributed to an overall reduction in the elevational gradient in beta diversity through time. GDMs showed the combined effects of sulphate deposition and temperature as drivers of this temporal reduction in beta diversity. Spatiotemporal changes differed among species, with shifts observed both up‐ and downslope. For example, in a reversal of a previous upslope range contraction, red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.) increased in density and shifted downslope since the 1990s, occupying warmer, drier climates. Main conclusion Our results demonstrate that global change is impacting the stratification of forest tree diversity along elevational gradients, but the responses of individual species are complex and variable in direction. We suggest abiotic drivers may directly impact individual species while also indirectly altering species interactions along elevational gradients. Our approach modelling the drivers of compositional turnover quantifies the rate and amount of change in beta diversity along environmental gradients and serves as a powerful complement to studying species‐specific responses.

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Species shifts in response to climate change: Individual or shared responses?^1,^²

Cited by 27 publications

References 61 publications

Consequences of altered temperature regimes for emerging freshwater invertebrates

Consequences of altered temperature regimes for emerging freshwater invertebrates

Climate change and ecosystem composition across large landscapes

Long‐term monitoring reveals forest tree community change driven by atmospheric sulphate pollution and contemporary climate change

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