Species richness and turnover among indigenous and introduced plants and insects of the Southern Ocean Islands

Leihy, Rachel I.; Duffy, Grant A.; Chown, Steven Loudon

doi:10.1002/ecs2.2358

Cited by 26 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 89 publications

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“…, Nekola and McGill , Leihy et al. ). The fit can also be used to test the scale dependence of species incidence in the community (related to the hierarchical scaling of zeta diversity; Hui and McGeoch ); exponential reflects scale independence of species retention across sites, whereas the power law reflects nonindependence of species composition across sites, and an increasing probability of retaining more common species at finer scales (Hui and McGeoch , McGlinn and Hurlbert ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…By contrast, in some systems focus on the common suites of species may itself be of interest Latombe 2016, Baker et al 2019). For example, in microbial studies the dynamics of "core microbiomes" is meaningful (Shade and Handelsman 2012), and wideranging components of assemblages are also relevant in invasion biology (Leihy et al 2018). Here the difference in zeta decay found between native (steep) and alien (shallow) plants is in the direction that one might expect given the tendency for alien plant species to have broader niches (Lockwood et al 2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pairwise site calculations (i = 2) of compositional similarity are encompassed within the zeta diversity framework. The applied value of zeta diversity has to date been shown in particular cases, for example, as a measure of similarity and uncertainty in pest profile analysis (Roig e et al 2017), to upscale estimates of biodiversity (Kunin et al 2018), and to explore patterns of compositional change across streams (Simons et al 2019), islands (Leihy et al 2018), and protected areas (Britton et al 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Measuring continuous compositional change using decline and decay in zeta diversity

McGeoch

Latombe

Andrew

et al. 2019

Ecology

150

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Incidence, or compositional, matrices are generated for a broad range of research applications in biology. Zeta diversity provides a common currency and conceptual framework that links incidence‐based metrics with multiple patterns of interest in biology, ecology, and biodiversity science. It quantifies the variation in species (or OTU) composition of multiple assemblages (or cases) in space or time, to capture the contribution of the full suite of narrow, intermediate, and wide‐ranging species to biotic heterogeneity. Here we provide a conceptual framework for the application and interpretation of patterns of continuous change in compositional diversity using zeta diversity. This includes consideration of the survey design context, and the multiple ways in which zeta diversity decline and decay can be used to examine and test turnover in the identity of elements across space and time. We introduce the zeta ratio–based retention rate curve to quantify rates of compositional change. We illustrate these applications using 11 empirical data sets from a broad range of taxa, scales, and levels of biological organization—from DNA molecules and microbes to communities and interaction networks—including one of the original data sets used to express compositional change and distance decay in ecology. We show (1) how different sample selection schemes used during the calculation of compositional change are appropriate for different data types and questions, (2) how higher orders of zeta may in some cases better detect shifts and transitions, and (3) the relative roles of rare vs. common species in driving patterns of compositional change. By exploring the application of zeta diversity decline and decay, including the retention rate, across this broad range of contexts, we demonstrate its application for understanding continuous turnover in biological systems.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Measuring continuous compositional change using decline and decay in zeta diversity

McGeoch

Latombe

Andrew

et al. 2019

Ecology

150

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“…Although environment and geographical distance had significant effects, most of the variance in alien species turnover remained unexplained. While large‐scale geographical distances (between archipelagos and islands) had a strong effect on native species turnover, it did not affect alien species turnover (Leihy, Duffy, & Chown, ). This suggests that alien species easily reach those islands.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors associated with alien plant richness, cover and composition differ in tropical island forests

Ibanez

Hart

Ainsworth

et al. 2019

Diversity and Distributions

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Aim To examine how native plant native communities, environment and geography are associated with alien plant species invasion in tropical island forests. Location Four US national parks in Hawai'i and American Samoa. Methods We analysed the richness, coverage and composition of alien plant species communities located across 204 plots, five islands and two archipelagos. We used generalized linear mixed‐effects models and generalized dissimilarity models to determine the relative importance of native plant species communities (richness, structure and composition), environment (temperatures, precipitation, and soil age) and geography (elevation, geographical distance between plots, identity of islands and archipelagos) on alien plant species communities. Results Alien plant species were found in >90% of plots with on average four species covering ~15% of the understorey. Variation in alien species richness and coverage was primarily explained by archipelago and island identity and elevation. Plots located on younger islands tended to exhibit higher richness and coverage of alien plants. Native tree density and canopy height were negatively correlated with alien species coverage but not with alien species richness. Elevation was negatively correlated with both the richness and coverage of alien species. Differences in elevation, mean annual precipitation and geographical distances explained about 40% of the observed spatial turnover in alien species composition with differences in elevation being the main driver. Turnover in alien species composition was weakly correlated with turnover in native species. Main conclusions In the studied islands, higher elevations seem to be relatively spared from alien species invasion so far. However, our results suggest that the negative effect of elevation on alien species coverage may be larger than on alien species richness. Maintenance of tall and dense canopy may limit the coverage of alien species but not the number of alien species. Our results also support that alien species invasion may be particularly high on isolated archipelagos and younger islands.

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“…Our study also provides an alien risk assessment for Marion Island and can inform management considerations for the greater sub‐Antarctic region across which many alien and invasive plant species are shared (Greve, Gremmen, Gaston, & Chown, ; Leihy, Duffy, & Chown, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Invasive species differ in key functional traits from native and non‐invasive alien plant species

Mathakutha

Steyn

Roux

et al. 2019

J Vegetation Science

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Questions Invasive species establish either by possessing traits, or trait trade‐offs similar to native species, suggesting pre‐adaptation to local conditions; or by having a different suite of traits and trait trade‐offs, which allow them to occupy unfilled niches. The trait differences between invasives and non‐invasives can inform on which traits confer invasibility. Here, we ask: (a) are invasive species functionally different or similar to native species? (b) which traits of invasives differ from traits of non‐invasive aliens and thus confer invasibility? and (c) do results from the sub‐Antarctic region, where this study was conducted, differ from findings from other regions? Location Sub‐Antarctic Marion Island. Methods We measured 13 traits of all terrestrial native, invasive and non‐invasive alien plant species. Using principal components analysis and phylogenetic generalized least‐squares models, we tested for differences in traits between invasive (widespread alien species) and native species. Bivariate trait relationships between invasive and native species were compared using standardized major axis regressions to test for differences in trait trade‐offs between the two groups. Second, using the same methods, we compared the traits of invasive species to non‐invasive aliens (alien species that have not spread). Results Between invasive and native species, most traits differed, suggesting that the success of invasive species is mediated by being functionally different to native species. Additionally, most bivariate trait relationships differed either in terms of their y‐intercept or their position on the axes, highlighting that plants are positioned differently along a spectrum of shared trait trade‐offs. Compared to non‐invasive aliens, invasive species had lower plant height, smaller leaf area, lower frost tolerance, and higher specific leaf area, suggesting that these traits are associated with invasiveness. The findings for the sub‐Antarctic corresponded to those of other regions, except lower plant height which provides a competitive advantage to invaders in the windy sub‐Antarctic context. Conclusion Our findings support the expectation that trait complexes of invasive species are predominantly different to those of coexisting native species, and that high resource acquisition and low defence investment are characteristic of invasive plant species.

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Species richness and turnover among indigenous and introduced plants and insects of the Southern Ocean Islands

Cited by 26 publications

References 89 publications

Measuring continuous compositional change using decline and decay in zeta diversity

Measuring continuous compositional change using decline and decay in zeta diversity

Factors associated with alien plant richness, cover and composition differ in tropical island forests

Invasive species differ in key functional traits from native and non‐invasive alien plant species

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