“…Indeed, such mountain systems have preserved abundant archaeological evidence of human occupation during the late Pleistocene, indicating they were important sites allowing hunter‐gatherer populations to persist throughout the LGM (Smith, 2013). More recently these arid uplands have been the focus of detailed molecular studies, with results repeatedly identifying substantially higher levels of genetic diversity in rocky upland areas such as in the Pilbara, Kimberley and central Australia compared to adjacent desert lowlands (Blacket et al., 2001; Fujita et al., 2010; Marin, Donnellan, Hedges, Doughty, et al., 2013; Pepper et al., 2011, 2017; Pepper et al., 2011; Umbrello et al., 2017). These findings support the idea that regions of high topographic and geological complexity, which also provided greater associated relative climatic stability, allowed more taxa to persist and diversify in these uplands as the surrounding landscapes dried out.…”