Species of Thysanus as Primary Parasites

DeBach, Paul; Kennett, C. E.; Pence, Roy J.

doi:10.1093/jee/51.1.114a

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…One, Encarsia citrina (Crawford) (Hymenoptera; Aphelinidae), is an endoparasitoid attacking young scale and killing the host before it reproduces (usually in the second instar), and the other two, Signiphora merceti (Malenotti) and Signiphora flavopalliata Girault (Hymenoptera: Signiphoridae), are ectoparasitic and do not kill the scale until after it has begun to reproduce (Steven, 1990). DeBach et al (1958) found a similar parasitoid complex attacking Hemiberlesia rapax on citrus in California, and demonstrated that the parasitoids were significantly reducing pest abundance.…”

Section: Biology Of Existing Armoured Scale Natural Enemiesmentioning

confidence: 92%

Introduction of armoured scale predators and establishment of the predatory miteHemisarcoptes coccophagus(Acari: Hemisarcoptidae) on latania scale,Hemiberlesia lataniae(Homoptera: Diaspididae) in kiwifruit shelter trees in New Zealand

Hill¹,

Allan²,

Henderson³

et al. 1993

Bull. Entomol. Res.

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Between 1987 and 1989, three predatory beetle species (Chilocorus bipustulatus (Linnaeus), C. infernalis (Linnaeus) and C. cacti (Linnaeus)) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) and two predatory mite species (Hemisarcoptes coccophagus Meyer and H. cooremani Thomas) were imported and released for the biological control of armoured scale insects {Hemiberlesia rapax Comstock, H. lataniae Signoret and Aspidiotus nerii Bouche) on kiwifruit and shelter trees in New Zealand. Hemisarcoptes coccophagus has established on Hemiberlesia lataniae infestations on Lombardy poplar (Populus nigra var. Italica) shelter trees at three sites. Detailed studies at one of the release sites over a period spanning nine to 24 months after release, showed that densities of Hemiberlesia lataniae in samples with mites fell to less than 20% of the level in control trees. Assessment of the dispersion characteristics of the mite suggested that the adults are repelled by the presence of other mites on a host. Hemisarcoptes coccophagus can use two species of New Zealand ladybirds (Scymnus fagus Broun and Halmus chalybeus Boisduval) for phoresy. Hemisarcoptes coccophagus spread naturally to the control trees between 20 and 24 months after release, though the means of dispersal between trees is not known.

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Section: Biology Of Existing Armoured Scale Natural Enemiesmentioning

confidence: 92%

Introduction of armoured scale predators and establishment of the predatory miteHemisarcoptes coccophagus(Acari: Hemisarcoptidae) on latania scale,Hemiberlesia lataniae(Homoptera: Diaspididae) in kiwifruit shelter trees in New Zealand

Hill¹,

Allan²,

Henderson³

et al. 1993

Bull. Entomol. Res.

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“…In'tulo Biology. DeBach et al (1958) mentioned that this species (cited as Thysanus thoreauini) develops as a primary parasitoid of Hemiberlesia rapax (Comstock) and H. lataniae (Diaspididae). It is commonly reared from these scales in southern California and elsewhere, often in sympatry with S. merceti.…”

Section: Signiphora Flavellamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Biology. Signiphora merceti is known to be uniparental (Agekyan 1968;DeBach et al 1958). No males have been observed in the very extensive collections from southern California.…”

Section: Signiphora Merceti Malenotti 1916mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This species is known to be a primary parasitoid of Diaspididae, most commonly species of Hemiberlesia, from which it is commonly reared in sympatry with S. flavella. Agekyan (1968) and DeBach et al (1958) provided details of the biology on H. rapax and H. lataniae: eggs are deposited internally in mature female hosts, the 1st instar larvae develop initially as internal parasitoids, but after 5 or 6 days the larvae chew through the host integument and continue development as external parasitoids. In spite of the numerous records of this species reared from California red scale, A. aurantii, we were not able to obtain oviposition by females placed on A. aurantii of various ages (2nd instar to adult females) in the laboratory.…”

Section: Signiphora Merceti Malenotti 1916mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Taxonomic revision of the flavopalliata species group of Signiphora (Hymenoptera: Signiphoridae)

Woolley

Molin

2017

Zootaxa

1,619

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“…EXCEPT FOR THE INFORMATION given by Clausen (1924) and by DeBach, Kennett, and Pence (1958), little is known about the biology and habits of the members of the family Signiphoridae (Thysanidae). Though previously commonly regarded as being hyperparasitic in their habits, certain species of Signiphora have been found to be primary parasites of diaspine scale insects (De-Bach, Kennett, and Pence, 1958), and it is likely that further studies will enlarge the list.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological and taxonomic studies ofSigniphora borinquensis, new species, (Hymenoptera: Signiphoridae), a primary parasite of diaspine scales

Quezada¹,

DeBach²,

Rosen³

1973

Hilg

Self Cite

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Synonymy of Thysanus and Signiphora is discussed as well as classification of species of Signipbora. A new species, Signiphora borinquensis Quezada, DeBach, and Rosen, is described and its morphology, biology, behavior, and ecology treated in detail. Signiphora borinquensis is a thelyotokous, primary endo-ectoparasite of certain diaspine scale insects. Size of parasites as well as size of hosts influence both total number and size of resulting progeny. Host-feeding is prerequisite to oviposition, and both occur within one hour after adult emergence. Over half of the total egg production occurs during the first three days. Honey (carbohydrate) and hosts (protein) are constantly necessary to insure optimum longevity and progeny production. High host specificity is indicated. Males are extremely rare and unnecessary for reproduction, but their incidence can be greatly increased by subjecting female pupae to 90°F for 48 hours. The resulting adult females tend to produce males. Ovisorption occurs under stress, but does not operate to maintain maximal progeny production. Effects of parasite density on longevity, progeny production, and on host survival are discussed.

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Species of Thysanus as Primary Parasites

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

Introduction of armoured scale predators and establishment of the predatory miteHemisarcoptes coccophagus(Acari: Hemisarcoptidae) on latania scale,Hemiberlesia lataniae(Homoptera: Diaspididae) in kiwifruit shelter trees in New Zealand

Introduction of armoured scale predators and establishment of the predatory miteHemisarcoptes coccophagus(Acari: Hemisarcoptidae) on latania scale,Hemiberlesia lataniae(Homoptera: Diaspididae) in kiwifruit shelter trees in New Zealand

Taxonomic revision of the flavopalliata species group of Signiphora (Hymenoptera: Signiphoridae)

Biological and taxonomic studies ofSigniphora borinquensis, new species, (Hymenoptera: Signiphoridae), a primary parasite of diaspine scales

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