Species of Heterobasidion host a diverse pool of partitiviruses with global distribution and interspecies transmission

Vainio, Eeva J.; Hakanpää, Jonne; Dai, Yu-Cheng; Hansen, E. M.; Korhonen, K.; Hantula, Jarkko

doi:10.1016/j.funbio.2011.08.008

Cited by 68 publications

(91 citation statements)

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“…If this is a general phenomenon, pre-existing viral infections may affect the dispersal of similar strains and could affect the prevalence of each virus strain within a host population. Partitivirus infections are relatively rare in Heterobasidion and occur only in B5% of isolates in culture collections (Vainio et al, 2011b). Therefore, a single partitivirus strain might potentially spread into several neighboring clones without being restricted through encounters with conspecific strains.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…HetPV9 was found to be identical among isolates 227-05 and 242-05 of the same clone ( Figure 1a; Table 1), but no Heterobasidion cultures were obtained from these isolation sources in 2012. HetPV9 clusters within the genus Alphapartitivirus and shares 68-76% RdRp protein sequence identity with strains of HetPV1 (previously HetRV1; Vainio et al, 2011b;Nibert et al, 2014). The RdRp segment of HetPV9-pa1 (pa1 ¼ strain 1 from H. parviporum) was 2030 bp in length and contained an AUG-initiated open reading frame of 620 aa (M r 72 362; GC-content 47.6%).…”

Section: Virus Diversitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Approximately 15-17% of Heterobasidion strains are infected by dsRNA viruses (Ihrmark, 2001;Vainio et al, 2011b). The unassigned species Heterobasidion RNA virus 6 (HetRV6) is responsible for approximately 70% of dsRNA infections in European strains of Heterobasidion (Vainio et al, 2012) and shares a relatively high polymerase similarity with the Curvularia thermal tolerance virus (Márquez et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Viruses accumulate in aging infection centers of a fungal forest pathogen

Vainio¹,

Müller²,

Korhonen³

et al. 2014

The ISME Journal

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Fungal viruses (mycoviruses) with RNA genomes are believed to lack extracellular infective particles. These viruses are transmitted laterally among fungal strains through mycelial anastomoses or vertically via their infected spores, but little is known regarding their prevalence and patterns of dispersal under natural conditions. Here, we examined, in detail, the spatial and temporal changes in a mycovirus community and its host fungus Heterobasidion parviporum, the most devastating fungal pathogen of conifers in the Boreal forest region. During the 7-year sampling period, viruses accumulated in clonal host individuals as a result of indigenous viruses spreading within and between clones as well as novel strains arriving via airborne spores. Viral community changes produced pockets of heterogeneity within large H. parviporum clones. The appearance of novel viral infections in aging clones indicated that transient cell-to-cell contacts between Heterobasidion strains are likely to occur more frequently than what was inferred from genotypic analyses. Intraspecific variation was low among the three partitivirus species at the study site, whereas the unassigned viral species HetRV6 was highly polymorphic. The accumulation of point mutations during persistent infections resulted in viral diversification, that is, the presence of nearly identical viral sequence variants within single clones. Our results also suggest that co-infections by distantly related viral species are more stable than those between conspecific strains, and mutual exclusion may play a role in determining mycoviral communities.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Virus Diversitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Viruses accumulate in aging infection centers of a fungal forest pathogen

Vainio¹,

Müller²,

Korhonen³

et al. 2014

The ISME Journal

Self Cite

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“…In some species, usually ascomycetes, there appear to be barriers to the transmission of viruses during sexual reproduction and the formation of sexual spores [27]. While no virus-transmission was observed via sexual spores in C. parasitica [31] and of the root rot pathogens Helicobasidium mompa and Rosellinia necatrix [32], wide-ranging rates of transmission were reported for H. annosum, [33], H. parviporum [21], and Lentinula edodes [34]. The lack of repetition of the experiment limit us to draw conclusions about the variance and reproducibility of our methodology and to estimate standard errors on the transmission rate.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) [21,22] was then applied with the aim of obtaining complementary DNA (cDNA). The cDNA was used as a template for PCR with the following virus-specific primers: FMC1F1 (5 -CGTGGATTAAAACCCACAAA-3 ), FMC1Rev1 (5 -TGGTAATCTACCATAGCAATTAYTC-3 ), FMC3F1 (5 -GAYAGAACTTTTACTCAAGATCC-3 ) and FMC3Rev1 (5 -ATTCATCTYTTGGCAAATTCATA-3 ) [16].…”

Section: Total Rna Extraction and Pcrmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vertical Transmission of Fusarium circinatum Mitoviruses FcMV1 and FcMV2-2 via Microconidia

Romeralo

Bezos

Martínez‐Álvarez

2018

Forests

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Pine Pitch Canker disease, caused by the pathogenic fungus Fusarium circinatum, affects conifer species worldwide. However, the virulence of the pathogen may be affected by the presence of mycoviruses. The aim of this laboratory-based study was to investigate the probability and rate of transmission of F. circinatum mitoviruses FcMV1 and FcMV2-2 via microconidia. Ten isolates of mitovirus-infected F. circinatum were subcultured to produce a total of 100 single-spore colonies (ten replicates per isolate). The total RNA and cDNA obtained from each spore isolate (monosporic culture) were amplified by PCR with specific primers for detection of F. circinatum mitoviruses FcMV1 and FcMV2-2. The mitoviruses were detected in a high percentage of the individual spore isolates (between 60% and 100% depending on the fungal isolate). However, the probability of transmission was not statistically significantly associated with either the F. circinatum isolate or the viral strain. A high proportion of transmission via microconidia is critical for development of a biological control program against Pine Pitch Canker (PPC) disease in forests. However, further studies are needed to establish the effect of these mitoviruses on the virulence of F. circinatum.

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