Species of Bacillus That Make a Vegetative Peptidoglycan Containing Lysine Lack Diaminopimelate Epimerase but Have Diaminopimelate Dehydrogenase

Bartlett, Annie T. M.; White, Peter J

doi:10.1099/00221287-131-9-2145

Cited by 24 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 19 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Ribosomal RNA analyses indicate that these bacteria may represent a separate evolutionary line within the genus (Stackebrandt et al, 1987), and it is notable that most strains are atypical in cell-wall peptidoglycan structure, containing lysine or ornithine: rather than rneso-2,6-diaminopimelate (rneso-DAP; Schleifer & Kandler, 1972) which is typical of B. subtili,~ and oval-sporing relatives (Bartlett & White, 1985). These bacteria are also characterized by negative reactions to most of the traditional phenotypic tests used for the classification and identification of bacilli.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical classification and identification of Bacillus sphaericus including some strains pathogenic for mosquito larvae

Alexander

Priest

1990

Journal of General Microbiology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Ninety-one strains of Baciffus sphaericus, including representatives of all the established DNA homology group, related round-spored and oval-spored species, and six strains pathogenic for mosquito larvae, were examined for 155 characters. Numerical analyses (Jaccard coefficient/average linkage clustering) based on the 88 variable features revealed 14 clusters at the 79 yo similarity level that contained more than one strain and 17 single member clusters. All insect pathogenic strains were recovered in a single cluster and the classification was in accord with an established classification based on DNA sequence homology. Two frequency matrices for probabilistic identification were constructed and tested. A comprehensive matrix comprising 14 mesophilic, round-spored taxa and 27 tests gave good results for identification of hypothetical median organisms, cluster overlap and identifications of representative strains (based on data generated in the classification study). Reference strains for the 14 taxa and eight additional insect pathogenic strains were examined for the 27 tests and were correctly identified with high scores using this matrix. A second matrix comprising seven taxa and 13 tests also performed well in the theoretical evaluation and correctly identified the reference strains and insect pathogenic strains.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical classification and identification of Bacillus sphaericus including some strains pathogenic for mosquito larvae

Alexander

Priest

1990

Journal of General Microbiology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Among Bacillus species there is a great deal of variability in the DAP biosynthetic pathway utilized. Bacillus sphaericus uses solely the dehydrogenase pathway (2), whereas B. megaterium uses the acetylase pathway (21) and B. macerans uses both the dehydrogenase and acetylase pathways (2). Corynebacterium glutamicum appears to utilize all three of the possible biosynthetic pathways for the production of DAP (18).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We have designated these the succinylase, dehydrogenase, and acetylase pathways for the sake of clarity. Escherichia coli is thought to synthesize DAP solely via the succinylase pathway (5), whereas the dehydrogenase and acetylase pathways are found in Bacillus (2,21) and Corynebacterium (18) species. Among Bacillus species there is a great deal of variability in the DAP biosynthetic pathway utilized.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic determination of the meso-diaminopimelate biosynthetic pathway of mycobacteria

et al. 1994

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The increasing incidence of multiple-drug-resistant mycobacterial infections indicates that the development of new methods for treatment of mycobacterial diseases should be a high priority. meso-Diaminopimelic acid (DAP), a key component of a highly immunogenic subunit of the mycobacterial peptidoglycan layer, has been implicated as a potential virulence factor. The mycobacterial DAP biosynthetic pathway could serve as a target for design of new antimycobacterial agents as well as the construction of in vivo selection systems. We have isolated the asd, dapA, dapB, dapD, and dapE genes involved in the DAP biosynthetic pathway ofMycobacterium bovis BCG. These genes were isolated by complementation of Escherichia coil mutations with an expression library of BCG DNA. Our analysis of these genes suggests that BCG may use more than one pathway for biosynthesis of DAP. The nucleotide sequence of the BCG dapB gene was determined. The activity of the product of this gene in Escherichia coli provided evidence that the gene may encode a novel bifunctional dihydrodipicolinate reductase and DAP dehydrogenase.Mycobacterial diseases, such as tuberculosis and leprosy, currently cause the highest number of deaths of any infectious disease throughout the world (3). In particular, the recent rise in the incidence of antibiotic-resistant tuberculosis in the United States has increased the awareness of the importance of controlling the spread of mycobacterial diseases. Our laboratory has chosen to use three major approaches for the development of methods to combat mycobacterial diseases: (i) to develop a further understanding of the mechanisms that allow mycobacteria to cause disease, (ii) to find an effective and practical method of vaccination against mycobacteria, and (iii) to investigate potential methods of treatment of mycobacterial diseases. To this end, we have begun to examine important mycobacterial biosynthetic pathways that may be used in the development of marker systems for use in the study of pathogenesis, in the construction of recombinant vaccine strains, and as potential targets for new antibiotics.Diaminopimelic acid (DAP) is an essential component of the peptidoglycan layer of mycobacterial cell walls, which are known to have unusual immunogenic potential. Interestingly, N-glucolylmuramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutaminyl -meso -diaminopimelate is an immunological adjuvant and enhances cellular and humoral responses in guinea pigs when administered with an antigen (9). Study of the pathways involved in biosynthesis of the cell wall may lead to a better understanding of the causes of these immunological effects. The peptidoglycan layer of mycobacteria has unusual inter-DAP linkages as well as the standard DAP-D-alanine linkages (22). This fact results in an unusually high DAP content in the mycobacterial cell wall. The importance of the DAP molecule has been further suggested by work with Bordetella pertussis, for which DAP has been shown to play a key role in the structure of a cytotoxin (13). Disruption of biosynthesis o...

show abstract

“…Though these bacteria have been used for more than 20 years (29) and the basic anabolism of lysine as established in Escherichia coli is known (31,39,52), there is considerable confusion about the lysine biosynthetic pathway in corynebacteria and in grampositive bacteria in general (3,28). In procaryotes three pathways are now recognized as being possible for synthesizing lysine ( Fig.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A functionally split pathway for lysine synthesis in Corynebacterium glutamicium

Schrumpf¹,

Schwarzer²,

Kalinowski³

et al. 1991

J Bacteriol

168

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

(44). On the basis of this assay, the parallel function of the succinylase and acetylase variants supposed to operate in corynebacteria (16,44). The situation is even more complex, since the distribution of label from 14C-aspartate (23) and '3C-glucose (14,49) found in secreted * Corresponding author. lysine is inconsistent with the sole function of the succinylase or acetylase variant but requires operation of the dehydrogenase pathway, too. This resulted in the demonstration of diaminopimelate dehydrogenase activity in C. glutamicum, and it was concluded that all three variants could be used in parallel in this organism (16).Recently, the genes converting aspartate to lysine via the dehydrogenase variant have been cloned from C. glutamicum (7,14,18,51). During this cloning, a dapD mutant of E. coli devoid of PDC-N-succinyltransferase activity was also used (15,50

show abstract

Species of Bacillus That Make a Vegetative Peptidoglycan Containing Lysine Lack Diaminopimelate Epimerase but Have Diaminopimelate Dehydrogenase

Cited by 24 publications

References 19 publications

Numerical classification and identification of Bacillus sphaericus including some strains pathogenic for mosquito larvae

Numerical classification and identification of Bacillus sphaericus including some strains pathogenic for mosquito larvae

Genetic determination of the meso-diaminopimelate biosynthetic pathway of mycobacteria

A functionally split pathway for lysine synthesis in Corynebacterium glutamicium

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About