Species of Aphytis of the World

Rosen, David; DeBach, Paul

doi:10.1007/978-94-009-9603-8

Cited by 163 publications

(81 citation statements)

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“…When genera with very few species are excluded, the Chalcidoidea genera Aphytis and Trichogramma feature a high frequency of parthenogenesis. In line with earlier estimates (DeBach 1969;Rosen and DeBach 1979), the highest proportion of parthenogens was found in the parasitoid wasp genus Aphytis s.l. where parthenogenesis occurs in 42 out of 110 (38%) species.…”

Section: Micromalthus Debilis Is the Only Extant Species In This Monsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Focusing on hexapods, Normark (2014) recently pointed out that in some insect groups the overall frequency can be orders of magnitudes higher. Indeed, studies that focused on specific invertebrate groups found high frequencies of parthenogenesis, for example it was found in 15% of Megastigmus (Boivin et al 2014) and 30% of Aphytis wasp species (DeBach 1969;Rosen and DeBach 1979). Why different taxa vary by several orders of magnitude in the frequency of parthenogenesis remains unknown.…”

Section: Impact Summarymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Untitled

2017

Evolution Letters

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Changes from sexual reproduction to female-producing parthenogenesis (thelytoky) have great evolutionary and ecological consequences, but how many times parthenogenesis evolved in different animal taxa is unknown. We present the first exhaustive database covering 765 cases of parthenogenesis in haplodiploid (arrhenotokous) arthropods, and estimate frequencies of parthenogenesis in different taxonomic groups. We show that the frequency of parthenogenetic lineages extensively varies among groups (0-38% among genera), that many species have both sexual and parthenogenetic lineages and that polyploidy is very rare.Parthenogens are characterized by broad ecological niches: parasitoid and phytophagous parthenogenetic species consistently use more host species, and have larger, polewards extended geographic distributions than their sexual relatives. These differences did not solely evolve after the transition to parthenogenesis. Extant parthenogens often derive from sexual ancestors with relatively broad ecological niches and distributions. As these ecological attributes are associated with large population sizes, our results strongly suggests that transitions to parthenogenesis are more frequent in large sexual populations and/or that the risk of extinction of parthenogens with large population sizes is reduced. The species database presented here provides insights into the maintenance of sex and parthenogenesis in natural populations that are not taxon specific and opens perspectives for future comparative studies.

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Section: Micromalthus Debilis Is the Only Extant Species In This Monsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Impact Summarymentioning

confidence: 99%

Untitled

2017

Evolution Letters

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“…The only other account of malformed posterior ocelli is that of Ashmead (1880) who described a new species of the aphelinid genus Aphytis Howard with the type specimens having "three ocelli triangularly arranged, with two smaller red ones back of these". However, according to Rosen and DeBach (1979), "Ashmead apparently mistook the pigment spots, commonly seen in dry or slide-mounted specimens of small Chalcidoidea, for supernumerary ocelli." While their assessment is likely accurate, it remains unclear whether Ashmead might have found a true malformation given that his type material for the species in question has been lost (Rosen and DeBach 1979; and sources cited therein).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A quadriocellar scoliid wasp (Hymenoptera, Scoliidae) from Mallorca, with a brief account of supernumerary ocelli in insects

Lohrmann¹,

Engel²

2015

ZSE

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A remarkable teratological female of Megascolia (Regiscolia) maculata flavifrons (Fabricius, 1775) (Scoliidae: Scoliinae: Scoliini) with a supernumerary median ocellus is described and illustrated. While supernumerary ocelli have been reported before from Diptera, Orthoptera, and Hymenoptera, this is the first record of such a malformation from a scoliid wasp. Four other teratological scoliid wasps have been reported in the literature but all were gynandromorphs. A brief summary of known records of supernumerary ocelli among insects is provided.

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“…chilensis. All species of the genus Aphytis are parasitoids of armored scales with A. chilensis being the type species (Rosen & DeBach 1979). All adults are females that prefer to attack late second instar and young adult scale.…”

Section: Oleander Scalementioning

confidence: 99%

A regional analysis of weather mediated competition between a parasitoid and a coccinellid predator of oleander scale

Gutiérrez¹,

Pizzamiglio²

2007

Neotrop. Entomol.

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Análise Regional da Competição Mediada por Fatores Climáticos entre um Parasitóide e um CoccinelídeoPredador da Cochonilha-da-Espirradeira na Califórnia and a coccinellid predator (Rhysobius lophanthae (Blaisd.) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), was examined using a general weather-driven, tri-trophic, physiologically based age-mass structured demographic model. The model is of intermediate complexity and was parameterized using extensive laboratory data and fi eld observations from Albany, CA. Temperature-dependent physiological indices were estimated from the laboratory data and used to scale per capita growth, fecundity and survivorship rates from maximal values in a time varying environment. The tri-trophic model was integrated in a GIS (geographic information system) and the species dynamics examined across years and across the ecological zones of California. Field data and simulation results suggested the coccinellid predator was the most important regulating agent of oleander scale in the mild climate of Albany. However, multiple linear regression analysis of simulation data across all ecological zones of California shows that the parasitoid A. chilensis is the most important agent in suppressing oleander scale densities in warmer climates, while the predator R. lophanthae increases scale density an average of 9.7% across all regions.

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Species of Aphytis of the World

Cited by 163 publications

References 0 publications

Untitled

Untitled

A quadriocellar scoliid wasp (Hymenoptera, Scoliidae) from Mallorca, with a brief account of supernumerary ocelli in insects

A regional analysis of weather mediated competition between a parasitoid and a coccinellid predator of oleander scale

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