Species-Independent Femtosecond Localized Electric Field Measurement

Dogariu, Arthur; Goldberg, Benjamin M.; O’Byrne, Sean; Miles, Richard B.

doi:10.1103/physrevapplied.7.024024

Cited by 96 publications

(104 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Therefore only the results obtained in relatively diffuse plasmas, such as occur in surface ionization waves in same polarity pulses, are representative of the electric field in the ionization front. Measurements of the electric field in well-defined, isolated plasma filaments, generated in alternating polarity pulse trains, would require higher spatial resolution, which can be obtained by using a shorter focal distance lens [18], combined with a suitable signal discrimination technique such as cross-correlation spectroscopy [21].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Development and experimental validation of higher fidelity ns pulse discharge models needs detailed non-intrusive measurements of the electric field in the plasma. Recently, remarkable progress has been made in development of a non-intrusive laser diagnostic technique for electric field measurements in air plasmas, fs/ps second harmonic generation (SHG) [18,19]. This method offers several advantages over the reduced electric field measurements by optical emission spectroscopy (OES) [20,21], including straightforward absolute calibration, measurement of individual components of the electric field vector, and capability of acquiring data over a much larger spatial domain and wider range of time scales, where plasma optical emission is not detected.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electric field distribution in a surface plasma flow actuator powered by ns discharge pulse trains

Simeni

Tang

Frederickson

et al. 2018

Plasma Sources Sci. Technol.

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Electric field vector components in a nanosecond pulse, surface dialectric barrier discharge plasma actuator are measured by picosecond second harmonic generation, for positive, negative, and alternating polarity pulse trains. Plasma images show that in the same polarity train, the positive polarity discharge develops as two consecutive surface ionization waves, while the negative polarity discharge propagates as a single diffuse ionization wave. In the alternating polarity train, both positive and negative polarity discharge plasmas become strongly filamentary. In all pulse trains, the measurement results demonstrate a significant electric field offset before the discharge pulse, due to the surface charge accumulation during previous discharges pulses. This demonstrates that charge accumulation is a significant factor affecting the electric field in the discharge, even at very low pulse repetition rates. Peak electric field measured in the alternating polarity pulse train is lower compared to that in same polarity trains. However, the coupled pulse energy in the alternating polarity train is much higher, by a factor of 3-4, most likely due to the neutralization of the surface charge accumulated on the dielectric during the previous, opposite polarity pulses. This suggests that plasma surface actuators powered by alternating polarity pulse trains may generate higher amplitude thermal perturbations, producing a stronger effect on the flow field. The present results show that the time scale for the electric field reduction in the plasma after breakdown is fairly long, several tens of ns, including the conditions when the discharge develops as a diffuse ionization wave. This suggests that a considerable fraction of the energy is coupled to the plasma at a relatively low reduced electric field, several tens of Townsend. At these conditions, the discharge energy fraction thermalized as rapid heating would remain fairly low, thus limiting the effect on the flow caused by the highamplitude localized thermal perturbations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electric field distribution in a surface plasma flow actuator powered by ns discharge pulse trains

Simeni

Tang

Frederickson

et al. 2018

Plasma Sources Sci. Technol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Wakefield experiments are being performed at present. We can imagine more experimental challenges, such as adding external magnetic fields and more diagnostics, such as a nonintrusive optical measurement of the local electric field with high spatial and temporal resolution using the non-resonant four-wave mixing interaction with a driving femtosecond pulsed laser beam [58]. Finally, we should mention that we have found that for sufficiently high-power microwaves the plasma electrons can completely be driven to the waveguide walls like a snowplow effect leaving a positively charged plasma (see Figure 13) [57].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experiments Designed to Study the Non-Linear Transition of High-Power Microwaves through Plasmas and Gases

Krasik

Leopold

Shafir

et al. 2019

Plasma

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The interaction of powerful sub-picosecond timescale lasers with neutral gas and plasmas has stimulated enormous interest because of the potential to accelerate particles to extremely large energies by the intense wakefields formed and without being limited by high accelerating gradients as in conventional accelerator cells. The interaction of extremely high-power electromagnetic waves with plasmas is though, of general interest and also to plasma heating and wake-field formation. The study of this subject has become more accessible with the availability of sub-nanosecond timescale GigaWatt (GW) power scale microwave sources. The interaction of such high-power microwaves (HPM) with under-dense plasmas is a scale down of the picosecond laser—dense plasma interaction situation. We present a review of a unique experiment in which such interactions are being studied, some of our results so far including results of our numerical modeling. Such experiments have not been performed before, self-channeling of HPM through gas and plasma and extremely fast plasma electron heating to keV energies have already been observed, wakefields resulting from the transition of HPM through plasma are next and more is expected to be revealed.

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“…SHG. Recently, another nonintrusive laser-diagnostic method for electric-field measurements was demonstrated using SHG by a fs-laser beam passing through an electrostatic electric field in atmospheric air (see figure 7) [65]. This method is based on the asymmetry in polarizability that is induced by an applied electric field that allows the observation of SHG, which is otherwise forbidden in homogeneous media.…”

Section: Spectroscopic Methods For Electric-field Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent advances in ultrafast-laser-based spectroscopy and imaging for reacting plasmas and flames

Patnaik

Adamovich

Gord

et al. 2017

Plasma Sources Sci. Technol.

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Reacting flows and plasmas are prevalent in a wide array of systems involving defense, commercial, space, energy, medical, and consumer products. Understanding the complex physical and chemical processes involving reacting flows and plasmas requires measurements of key parameters, such as temperature, pressure, electric field, velocity, and number densities of chemical species. Time-resolved measurements of key chemical species and temperature are required to determine kinetics related to the chemical reactions and transient phenomena. Laser-based, noninvasive linear and nonlinear spectroscopic approaches have proved to be very valuable in providing key insights into the physico-chemical processes governing reacting flows and plasmas as well as validating numerical models. The advent of kilohertz rate amplified femtosecond lasers has expanded the multidimensional imaging of key atomic species such as H, O, and N in a significant way, providing unprecedented insight into preferential diffusion and production of these species under chemical reactions or electric-field driven processes. These lasers not only provide 2D imaging of chemical species but have the ability to perform measurements free of various interferences. Moreover, these lasers allow 1D and 2D temperature-field measurements, which were quite unimaginable only a few years ago. The rapid growth of the ultrafast-laser-based spectroscopic measurements has been fueled by the need to achieve the following when measurements are performed in reacting flows and plasmas. They are: (1) interference-free measurements (collision broadening, photolytic dissociation, Stark broadening, etc), (2) timeresolved single-shot measurements at a rate of 1-10 kHz, (3) spatially-resolved measurements, (4) higher dimensionality (line, planar, or volumetric), and (5) simultaneous detection of multiple species. The overarching goal of this article is to review the current state-of-the-art ultrafast-laserbased spectroscopic techniques and their remarkable development in the past two decades in meeting one or all of the above five goals for the spectroscopic measurement of temperature, number density of the atomic and molecular species, and electric field.

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Species-Independent Femtosecond Localized Electric Field Measurement

Cited by 96 publications

References 19 publications

Electric field distribution in a surface plasma flow actuator powered by ns discharge pulse trains

Electric field distribution in a surface plasma flow actuator powered by ns discharge pulse trains

Experiments Designed to Study the Non-Linear Transition of High-Power Microwaves through Plasmas and Gases

Recent advances in ultrafast-laser-based spectroscopy and imaging for reacting plasmas and flames

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