Species diversity, composition, and heterospecific associations of trees in three altitudinal gradients in Bird's Head Peninsula, Papua, Indonesia

Abstract

Abstract. Fatem SM, Djitmau DA, Ungirwalu A, Wanma AO, Simbiak VI, Benu NMH, Tambing J, Murdjoko A. 2020. Species diversity, composition, and heterospecific associations of trees in three altitudinal gradients in Bird's Head Peninsula, Papua, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 3596-3605. The region of Bird's Head Peninsula, West Papua, Indonesia has a high level of vegetation diversity distributed from coastal to mountain areas. Yet, the information regarding this diversity is limited. We studied species diversity, composition, and heterospecific association of trees in three altitudinal gradients in Bird's Head Peninsula to reveal the biotic phenomenon in the region. Systematic random sampling was applied during data collection in three locations representing lower, middle, and upper altitudes of natural tropical forest. We applied diversity indices to investigate taxonomic diversity, importance value index (IVI) to reveal floristic composition and canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) for heterospecific associations. In total, we recorded 30 families, 44 genera, and 66 species in the three locations. There were 20 families in lower area and each 15 families in middle and upper areas while the genera per site were 29 in lower, 20 in the middle, and 18 in the upper. The number of species found in lower, middle, and upper areas was 35 species, 24 species, and 27 species respectively. The research revealed that the taxonomic diversity of trees generally decreases as the elevation increases in terms of family, genera, and species level. The dominant species was also different across elevation gradients in which the dominant tree had a different pattern in the three locations between understory and upperstory. Moreover, the gradient of elevation has shaped the type of tree communities, suggesting interactions and associations among tree species. Of all species recorded, 26 species were listed in IUCN Red List with two species were under data deficient, 20 species were least concern, three species were near threatened, and one species was vulnerable.

Tree species diversity of Pegunungan Bintang, Papua, Indonesia as potency of wood supply

“…Where: IVIi is the important value index of species i, RFri is the relative frequency of species i, RDei is the relative density of species i, and RDoi is the relative dominance of species i (Cottam and Curtis 1956;Murdjoko et al 2016a;Fatem et al 2020).…”

Keragaman Permudaan Pohon di Area Sumber Air Blok Seda, Taman Nasional Gunung Ciremai

“…Walaupun penelitian ini dilakukan dalam luas wilayah yang relatif sempit, tetapi memiliki jumlah jenis terkategori LC yang lebih banyak dibandingkan penelitian Susanto (2019) pada hutan sekunder berumur 15 tahun di Papua Barat dan penelitian Cahyanto et al (2019) pada Cagar Alam Gunung Burangrang Jawa Barat. Pada beberapa penelitian, status konservasi tumbuhan LC cukup mendominasi dan umumnya memiliki indeks nilai penting yang tinggi (Susanto 2019;Fatem et al 2020). Meskipun begitu, perbedaan spasial dan temporal penelitianpenelitian tersebut sangat berpengaruh pada banyaknya jenis yang terkategori dalam IUCN.…”

Sebaran Mangrove dan Manajemen Konservasi di Kabupaten Manokwari, Papua Barat: Analisis Pendekatan Pengindaraan Jauh

“…Dalam pengelolaannya, membutuhkan kelengkapan data berupa biotik dan abiotik di kawasan Papua , Murdjoko 2013, Murdjoko et al 2016, Tawer et al 2021. Berbagai keanekaragaman berada di daerah Papua ini seperti kekayaan vegetasi yang paling tinggi di dunia, satwa yang bersifat endemik dan juga kekayaan adat dalam bentuk sosial budaya masyarakat asli Papua (Brearley et al 2019, Cámara-Leret et al 2020, Fatem et al 2020, Murdjoko et al 2016. Saat ini Papua menjadi fokus pembangunan nasional di Indonesia, sehingga kebutuhan kawasan dan ruang untuk pembangunan menjadi prioritas.…”