“…A diameter tape was used to measure the dbh; total tree heights were estimated using Suunto Clinometer. The dbh of Bruguiera and Rhizophora species were determined by measuring the trunk diameter at 30 cm above the buttress and above the highest prop root, respectively, whereas the dbh of the rest was measured at 130 cm above ground [24]. The distribution of stand density, species composition, biomass, and carbon stock per plot of the natural mangrove stand in LetKhutKon Village was described in Table 1.…”
Mangrove ecosystems sequester and store large amounts of carbon in both biomass and soil. In this study, species diversity, the above and below-ground biomass as well as carbon stock by the mangroves in Kanhlyashay natural mangrove forest were estimated. Six true mangrove species from four families were recorded in the sample plots of the study area. Among them, Avicennia officinalis L. from the Acanthaceae family was the abundance of species with an importance value of 218.69%. Shannon–Wiener’s diversity index value (H′ = 0.71) of the mangrove community was very low compared to other natural mangrove forests since the mangrove stands in the study site possessed a low number of mangrove species and were dominated by a few species. Estimated mean biomass was 335.55 ± 181.41 Mg ha−1 (AGB = 241.37 ± 132.73 Mg ha−1, BGB = 94.17 ± 48.73 Mg ha−1). The mean overall C-stock of the mangrove stand was 150.25 ± 81.35 Mg C ha−1 and is equivalent to 551.10 ± 298.64 Mg CO2 eq. The role of forests in climate change is two-fold as a cause and a solution for greenhouse gas emissions. The result of the study demonstrated that the mangroves in Letkhutkon village have high carbon storage potential, therefore it is necessary to be sustainably managed to maintain and increase carbon storage. Climate change mitigation may be achieved not only by reducing the carbon emission levels but also by maintaining the mangrove ecosystem services as carbon sinks and sequestration.
“…A diameter tape was used to measure the dbh; total tree heights were estimated using Suunto Clinometer. The dbh of Bruguiera and Rhizophora species were determined by measuring the trunk diameter at 30 cm above the buttress and above the highest prop root, respectively, whereas the dbh of the rest was measured at 130 cm above ground [24]. The distribution of stand density, species composition, biomass, and carbon stock per plot of the natural mangrove stand in LetKhutKon Village was described in Table 1.…”
Mangrove ecosystems sequester and store large amounts of carbon in both biomass and soil. In this study, species diversity, the above and below-ground biomass as well as carbon stock by the mangroves in Kanhlyashay natural mangrove forest were estimated. Six true mangrove species from four families were recorded in the sample plots of the study area. Among them, Avicennia officinalis L. from the Acanthaceae family was the abundance of species with an importance value of 218.69%. Shannon–Wiener’s diversity index value (H′ = 0.71) of the mangrove community was very low compared to other natural mangrove forests since the mangrove stands in the study site possessed a low number of mangrove species and were dominated by a few species. Estimated mean biomass was 335.55 ± 181.41 Mg ha−1 (AGB = 241.37 ± 132.73 Mg ha−1, BGB = 94.17 ± 48.73 Mg ha−1). The mean overall C-stock of the mangrove stand was 150.25 ± 81.35 Mg C ha−1 and is equivalent to 551.10 ± 298.64 Mg CO2 eq. The role of forests in climate change is two-fold as a cause and a solution for greenhouse gas emissions. The result of the study demonstrated that the mangroves in Letkhutkon village have high carbon storage potential, therefore it is necessary to be sustainably managed to maintain and increase carbon storage. Climate change mitigation may be achieved not only by reducing the carbon emission levels but also by maintaining the mangrove ecosystem services as carbon sinks and sequestration.
“…The carbon biomass of mangroves in the Karimunjawa-Kemujan Islands ranges from 4 Mg C/ha to 164 Mg C/ha with a mean value of 69.27 Mg C/ha. This value is higher than the mangrove AGB in other areas of Java Island such as Kaliwlingi, Brebes; Labuhan Lamongan; Ciletuh; and Segara Anakan, Cilacap which are only 6.49 Mg C/ha, 53.89 Mg C/ha, 31.78 Mg C/ha, 0.13 Mg C/ha, respectively [56][57][58][59]. With a total area of 238.98 ha, the potential above-ground carbon stored in the study area is estimated as 16,555.46 Mg.…”
Section: Above Ground Biomass and Carbon Stockmentioning
Blue carbon ecosystems in the Karimunjawa Islands may play a vital role in absorbing and storing the releasing carbon from the Java Sea. The present study investigated mangrove above-ground biomass (AGB) and carbon stock in the Karimunjawa-Kemujan Islands, the largest mangrove area in the Karimunjawa Islands. Taking the aerial photos from an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle combined with Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) measurements, we generated Digital Surface Model (DSM) and Digital Terrain Model (DTM) with high accuracy. We calculated mangrove canopy height by subtracting DSM from DTM and then converted it into Lorey’s height. The highest mangrove canopy is located along the coastline facing the sea, ranging from 8 m to 15 m. Stunted mangroves 1 m to 8 m in height are detected mainly in the inner areas. AGBs were calculated using an allometric equation destined for the Southeast and East Asia region. Above-ground carbon biomass is half of AGB. The AGB and carbon biomass of mangroves in the Karimunjawa-Kemujan Islands range from 8 Mg/ha to 328 Mg/ha, and from 4 MgC/ha to 164 MgC/ha, respectively. With a total area of 238.98 ha, the potential above-ground carbon stored in the study area is estimated as 16,555.46 Mg.
“…Nevertheless, studies regarding the factors that influence carbon storage in the mangrove ecosystem are scarce, including which species and geography significantly impact carbon storage (McLeod et al 2011;Howard et al 2017). Few studies have observed the factors that influence carbon preservation in mangrove ecosystem (Matsui et al 2015;Weiss et al 2016;Martuti et al 2017;Asadi et al 2018;Pérez et al 2018;Gao et al 2019;Kida and Fujitake 2020). Findings of these studies showed that the influencing factors of carbon sequestration in the mangrove ecosystem were varied and complicated.…”
Abstract. Pricillia CC, Patria MP, Herdiansyah H. 2021. Environmental conditions to support blue carbon storage in mangrove forest: A case study in the mangrove forest, Nusa Lembongan, Bali, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 3304-3314. Mangrove ecosystems can provide ecosystem services to mitigate climate change by absorbing and storing carbon in their systems. The question arises of how to manage a mangrove forest to store more carbon. The Nusa Lembongan mangrove forest was examined to assess the optimal environmental settings for blue carbon storage in the mangrove ecosystem. Five stations were selected purposively. The parameters observed in each station were aboveground living biomass, mangrove stand density, clay percentage in soil, bulk density, water content, soil organic carbon (%C), and soil organic nitrogen (%N). Based on this study, the total carbon stock in mangrove forest Nusa Lembongan was 68.10 ± 20.92 Mg C ha-1 and equals to 249.95 ± 76.77 MgCO2 ha-1 with a significant contribution of soil carbon stock. This study indicates that the essential parameters that can promote carbon sequestration in mangrove forest Nusa Lembongan were aboveground living biomass, soil organic carbon content and soil organic nitrogen content. In addition, as soil organic carbon content also negatively correlates with bulk density, it also can be considered. These findings can contribute to blue carbon planning and management to improve the effectiveness of the blue carbon project.
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