Species distribution and in vitro antifungal susceptibility of oral yeast isolates from Tanzanian HIV-infected patients with primary and recurrent oropharyngeal candidiasis

Hamza, Omar J M; Matee, Mecky; Moshi, Mainen J.; Simon, Elison N. M.; Mugusi, Ferdinand; Mikx, F. H. M.; Helderman, W.H. van Palenstein; Rijs, Antonius J. M. M.; Ven, A.J.A.M. van der; Verweij, Paul E.

doi:10.1186/1471-2180-8-135

Cited by 76 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 38 publications

(52 reference statements)

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“…These results support previous studies performed in the oral cavity of HIV-positive patients 3,13,27,40 . Even though C. albicans was the most common species recovered, the non-albicans Candida species have become more recognized as a major source of infection.…”

supporting

confidence: 93%

“…The occurrence of OPC is associated with CD4+ T-lymphocyte levels below 200 cells/mm 3 , high HIV viral load and disease progression. The prolonged course of HIV infection predisposes these patients to recurrent episodes of OPC that can increase in frequency and severity during the course of HIV disease progression 3,13 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The most common non-albicans Candida species are C. glabrata, C. parapsilosis, C. tropicalis and C. krusei which have been frequently isolated from oral and systemic candidiasis. Other yeasts that are less common than Candida have been associated with life-threatening infections in immunocompromised hosts, such as Trichosporon, Rhodotorula, Non-neoformans Cryptococcus species, Geotrichum, Hansenula anomala 13 and Kodamaea ohmeri 17,37 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this study, C. dubliniensis was identified in 6.25% of isolates. Previous findings indicated that the rate of C. dubliniensis oral isolates recovered from HIV-postive patients was 0.3% in Tanzania 13 , 17% in United States of America 39 , and 20% in Argentina 20 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Meanwhile, C. parapsilosis and C. krusei showed the highest MICs for Nystatin (4 to 8 µg/mL). Among clinical oral yeasts from 292 HIV-infected patients in Tanzania analyzed by HAMZA et al 13 5% showed resistance to Fluconazole, including isolates of C. glabrata, C. tropicalis and C. krusei, and all isolates were susceptible to Amphotericin B. The MICs to Nystatin ranged from 2 to 8 µg/mL for non-albicans Candida species and from 2 to 16 µg/mL for C. albicans.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Oral colonization by yeasts in HIV-positive patients in Brazil

Junqueira

Vilela

Rossoni

et al. 2012

Rev. Inst. Med. trop. S. Paulo

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INTRODUCTION: In HIV-infected patients, colonization of the oral cavity by potential pathogenic yeast may lead to development of systemic fungemia. We evaluated the prevalence of yeast in the oral cavity of Brazilian HIV-positive patients and verified whether or not the species characterized were enzymatically active. Furthermore, the species identified were tested for their susceptibility to antifungal treatment. METHODS: Patient saliva and oropharyngeal candidiasis samples were collected from 60 seropositive HIV patients and identified by the API20C system. Enzymatic activity was evaluated by the production of proteinase and phospholipase. Susceptibility to antifungal treatments were determined using the broth microdilution method. RESULTS: the most commonly isolated species were C. albicans (51.56%) followed by non-albicans Candida species (43.73%), Trichosporon mucoides (3.12%) and Kodamaea ohmeri (1.56%). Oral colonization by association of different species was observed in 42% of the patients. Enzymatic activity was verified in most of species isolated, except for C. glabrata, C. lusitaniae and C. guilliermondii. Resistance to Fluconazole and Amphotericin B was observed in isolates of C. albicans, C. glabrata, C. parapsilosis, C. krusei, and K. ohmeri. CONCLUSION: HIV-positive patients are orally colonized by single or multiple species of yeast that are occasionally resistant to Fluconazole or Amphotericin B.

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supporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Oral colonization by yeasts in HIV-positive patients in Brazil

Junqueira

Vilela

Rossoni

et al. 2012

Rev. Inst. Med. trop. S. Paulo

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Models Hosts for the Study of Oral Candidiasis

Junqueira

2011

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology

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Oral candidiasis is an opportunistic infection caused by yeast of the Candida genus, primarily Candida albicans. It is generally associated with predisposing factors such as the use of immunosuppressive agents, antibiotics, prostheses, and xerostomia. The development of research in animal models is extremely important for understanding the nature of the fungal pathogenicity, host interactions, and treatment of oral mucosal Candida infections. Many oral candidiasis models in rats and mice have been developed with antibiotic administration, induction of xerostomia, treatment with immunosuppressive agents, or the use of germ-free animals, and all these models has both benefits and limitations. Over the past decade, invertebrate model hosts, including Galleria mellonella, Caenorhabditis elegans, and Drosophila melanogaster, have been used for the study of Candida pathogenesis. These invertebrate systems offer a number of advantages over mammalian vertebrate models, predominantly because they allow the study of strain collections without the ethical considerations associated with studies in mammals. Thus, the invertebrate models may be useful to understanding of pathogenicity of Candida isolates from the oral cavity, interactions of oral microorganisms, and study of new antifungal compounds for oral candidiasis.

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Preclinical study of a cost-effective photodynamic therapy protocol for treating oral candidoses

et al. 2017

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Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising treatment for oral candidoses. Its use as an alternative to antifungals prevents several adverse effects, including microbial resistance. However, most PDT protocols do not employ devices and consumables commonly available in dental practice, thus influencing treatment affordability. This study aimed to determine the efficacy of a PDT method based on light curing units' blue LEDs combined to a plaque-disclosing composition (5% erythrosine) against C. albicans in culture and in a murine model of oral candidosis. Standard and resistant fungal strains were tested in vitro in planktonic and biofilm forms. PDT (pre-irradiation time periods: 30 and 60 s; irradiation time: 3 min) was compared to control conditions without light and/or erythrosine. Mice with induced oral candidosis (n = 40) randomly received PDT or similar control conditions with subsequent C. albicans count. These mice underwent histological analysis, as well as 12 healthy mice submitted to experimental treatments. PDT completely inactivated C. albicans planktonic cells and biofilm. Control conditions presented minor differences (ANOVA, p < 0.05), with mean values ranging from 5.2 to 6.8 log10 (UFC/mL). Infected mice presented no significant difference in C. albicans counts consequent to treatments (ANOVA, p = 0.721), although the PDT protocol was able to enhance the inflammatory infiltrate in healthy mice. It can be concluded that the tested PDT protocol can inactivate C. albicans but still needs further investigation in order to achieve efficacy and safety.

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Species distribution and in vitro antifungal susceptibility of oral yeast isolates from Tanzanian HIV-infected patients with primary and recurrent oropharyngeal candidiasis

Abstract: Background: In Tanzania, little is known on the species distribution and antifungal susceptibility profiles of yeast isolates from HIV-infected patients with primary and recurrent oropharyngeal candidiasis.

Cited by 76 publications

References 38 publications

Oral colonization by yeasts in HIV-positive patients in Brazil

Oral colonization by yeasts in HIV-positive patients in Brazil

Models Hosts for the Study of Oral Candidiasis

Preclinical study of a cost-effective photodynamic therapy protocol for treating oral candidoses

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