Species crosses in Antirrhinum

Mather, Kenneth

doi:10.1038/hdy.1947.12

Cited by 35 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…Phylogenetic analysis of different species within the European section of the genus Antirrhinum was undertaken using sequences from the third intron of Nia and from intron 5 to the stop codon of the Dfr gene. The occurrence of inter-specific hybrids generating morphologically intermediate specimens, reported in the wild where overlapping populations occur (Mather, 1947), has been a major obstacle in obtaining a clear picture of the phylogenetic relationships among the species within the genus Antirrhinum. Studies using chloroplastic (Gubitz et al, 2003) or nuclear (Vargas et al, 2004) DNA markers have provided little resolution as a result of insufficient numbers of informative characters, although the combination of plastid and nuclear markers has proved more informative (Vargas et al, 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The molecular basis for venation patterning of pigmentation and its effect on pollinator attraction in flowers of Antirrhinum

et al. 2010

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Summary• Pigment stripes associated with veins (venation) is a common flower colour pattern. The molecular genetics and function of venation were investigated in the genus Antirrhinum, in which venation is determined by Venosa (encoding an R2R3MYB transcription factor).• Pollinator preferences were measured by field tests with Antirrhinum majus. Venosa function was examined using in situ hybridization and transient overexpression. The origin of the venation trait was examined by molecular phylogenetics.• Venation and full-red flower colouration provide a comparable level of advantage for pollinator attraction relative to palely pigmented or white lines. Ectopic expression of Venosa confers pigmentation outside the veins. Venosa transcript is produced only in small areas of the corolla between the veins and the adaxial epidermis. Phylogenetic analyses suggest that venation patterning is an ancestral trait in Antirrhinum. Different accessions of three species with full-red pigmentation with or without venation patterning have been found.• Epidermal-specific venation is defined through overlapping expression domains of the MYB (myoblastoma) and bHLH (basic Helix-Loop-Helix) co-regulators of anthocyanin biosynthesis, with the bHLH providing epidermal specificity and Venosa vein specificity. Venation may be the ancestral trait, with full-red pigmentation a derived, polyphyletic trait. Venation patterning is probably not fixed once species evolve full-red floral pigmentation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The molecular basis for venation patterning of pigmentation and its effect on pollinator attraction in flowers of Antirrhinum

et al. 2010

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Assortative Pollination in Lythrum

Levin

1970

American J of Botany

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The pollination patterns of bees and butterflies were observed in an assemblage composed of 57 plants of Lythrum alatum and 30 plants of L. salicaria. Lythrum salicaria was preferred by both groups of pollinators as indicated by the greater number of flights from this species as compared to flights from L. alatum. The degree of assortative pollination was measured in both groups of pollinators and was greater in bees. Fidelity in bees appeared to be in response to species attractiveness, whereas in butterflies it appeared to be in response to species balance.

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Pollination and Seed Production in Ipomopsis Aggregata: Differences Among and Within Flower Color Morphs

Elam¹,

Linhart

1988

American J of Botany

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The pollination of red, pink, and white color morphs of Ipomopsis aggregata was evaluated to assess whether ethological isolation based on pollinator color discrimination may occur. We observed animal visitors, assessed pollen delivery, seed set per fruit, percentage of flowers setting fruit, nectar production, and timing of flower opening for different color morphs in the Front Range of Colorado. Based on traditional zoophilous flower classifications, we expected hummingbirds to pollinate red‐flowered I. aggregata subsp. collina and hawkmoths to pollinate white‐flowered I. aggregata subsp. Candida. However, ethological isolation does not appear to occur among color morphs of I. aggregata in the Front Range. Hummingbirds visited red‐flowered plants in excess overall, and, to a lesser extent, so did hawkmoths. Both hummingbirds and hawkmoths visited all color morphs and probably transferred pollen among them. Pollen delivery data and a day‐night bagging experiment also suggest that pollinators do not necessarily behave as predicted by flower classifications. In addition, there is little evidence for major differences between red, white, and pink flowers in any aspects of reproductive biology. Indeed, most variation occurs within a given color morph.

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Species crosses in Antirrhinum

Cited by 35 publications

References 3 publications

The molecular basis for venation patterning of pigmentation and its effect on pollinator attraction in flowers of Antirrhinum

The molecular basis for venation patterning of pigmentation and its effect on pollinator attraction in flowers of Antirrhinum

Assortative Pollination in Lythrum

Pollination and Seed Production in Ipomopsis Aggregata: Differences Among and Within Flower Color Morphs

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