Since the publication of the ground-breaking “Catalogue of the scorpions of the world (1758–1998)” (Fet et al. 2000) the number of species in the scorpion genus Buthus Leach, 1815 has increased 10-fold, and this genus is now the fourth largest within the Buthidae, with 52 valid named species. Here we revise and update the available information regarding Buthus. A new combination is proposed: Buthus
halius (C. L. Koch, 1839), comb. n. from Portugal and Spain. B.
halius is removed from junior synonymy with Buthus
occitanus (Amoreux, 1789), and proposed as a senior synonym of B.
ibericus Lourenço & Vachon, 2004, syn. n. Moreover, following I.C.Z.N. article 23.9.2 we propose to maintain as valid B.
ibericus
(nomen protectum) and to consider the disued B.
halius as a nomen oblitum. Buthus
europaeus
tridentatus Franganillo, 1918 is proposed as a junior synonym of B.
occitanus (Amoreux, 1789), syn. n.
Buthus
sabulicola Touloun, 2012 is proposed as a junior synonym of Buthus
bonito Lourenço & Geniez, 2005, syn. n.
Buthus
occitanus
tunetanus
neeli Gysin, 1969 is proposed as an informal senior synonym of Buthus
tassili Lourenço, 2002, informal syn. n. Two taxa are rised to species rank, Buthus
nigrovesiculosus Hirst, 1925, stat. n. and Buthus
parroti Vachon, 1949, stat. n.. We further confirm the restricted distribution of B.
occitanus that is confined to southeastern France and northwestern Iberian Peninsula and does not occur in North Africa. Additionally, Androctonus
barbouri (Werner, 1932), comb. n. from the Agadir region of Morocco, is hereby transferred to the genus Androctonus. We summarize and provide a critical appraisal of the diagnostic characters currently in use for the genus. The catalogue section considers the names for species, subspecies and varieties that have been used for Buthus scorpions. Information about types, including collection numbers and localities are included when available. Finally, an annotated listing of synonymies and an updated bibliography are given.