Speciation of trace metals and metalloids by solid phase extraction with spectrometric detection: a critical review

Abstract

Considerable interest is continuing to be shown in the speciation of metals, metalloids, and organometals due to the dependence of their toxicity and mobility on their chemical form. This review focuses on the speciation analysis of metals, metalloids, and organometals by solid phase extraction before spectrometric detection, and all aspects of analytical speciation such as determination of oxidation states and organometallic compounds. Some applications of speciation of metals and metalloids are also presented and discussed in this review. Fractionation, which is used sometimes as speciation, and chromatographic detection are not discussed. This review covers approximately the last four years ( -March 2016, offering a critical review of the speciation of metals, metalloids, and organometals.

Adsorption of Cu(II) on three adsorbents, Fe$_{3}$O$_{4}$/Ni/Ni$_{x}$B nanocomposite, carob (Ceratonia siliqua), and grape seeds: a comparative study

“…Various adsorbents such as γ -alumina support, 5 biosolids, 6 black tea waste, 7 cashew nut shells, 8 magnetic amidoximated chitosan-g poly(polyacrilonitrile)/laponite RD nanocomposites, 9 mansonia wood sawdust, 10 natural seed materials, 11 red mud, 12 and TEMPO-mediated oxidized cellulose nanofibrils modified PEI 13 were used for the adsorption of copper. Such adsorbents were also used for speciation of trace metals and metalloids based on their adsorptive properties 14 This study presents the studies on the adsorption of Cu(II) on three different adsorbents. Fe 3 O 4 /Ni/Ni x B nanocomposite, carob (Ceratonia siliqua), and grape seeds were used for this purpose.…”

Speciation Analysis of Trace Arsenic, Mercury, Selenium and Antimony in Environmental and Biological Samples Based on Hyphenated Techniques

“…A vortex assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction method based on the freezing of deep eutectic solvent was developed by Akramipour et al [ 40 ] for the determination of organic and inorganic mercury in blood samples. Based on the principles of extraction, some other extracting methods have been developed including liquid phase microextraction (LPME) [ 41 , 42 ], solid phase extraction (SPE) [ 43 , 44 ], solid phase microextraction (SPME) [ 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 ], etc.…”

Thermal Decomposition Behavior of a Chelating Resin Immobilizing Carboxymethylated Polyethyleneimine: Possibility of Estimation of Carboxymethylation Rate

“…Solid-phase extraction is widely utilized for separation and preconcentration of trace elements; [1][2][3][4] various solid-phase extraction materials, including chelating resin, are proposed even now. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] A chelating resin immobilizing carboxymethylated polyethyleneimine (CM-PEI), which is commercially available as Presep PolyChelate (FUJIFILM Wako Pure Chemical), has an excellent ability for solid-phase extraction of trace elements.…”

“…Solid-phase extraction is widely utilized for separation and preconcentration of trace elements; [1][2][3][4] various solid-phase extraction materials, including chelating resin, are proposed even now. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] A chelating resin immobilizing carboxymethylated polyethyleneimine (CM-PEI), which is commercially available as Presep PolyChelate (FUJIFILM Wako Pure Chemical), has an excellent ability for solid-phase extraction of trace elements. [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] This resin is prepared by immobilizing PEI on a porous methacrylate resin (copolymer of glycidyl methacrylate and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) and then carboxymethylating amino groups in the PEI using sodium monochloroacetate.…”