Speciation of Organoarsenic Species in Food of Animal Origin Using Accelerated Solvent Extraction (ASE) with Determination by HPLC-Hydride Generation-Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry (HG-AFS)

Speciation analysis of organoarsenic compounds in livestock feed by microwave-assisted extraction and high performance liquid chromatography coupled to atomic fluorescence spectrometry

“…Among these techniques, the use of HPLC-ICP-MS has been demonstrated to be the most effective technique for the determination of phenylarsenic compounds in complex sample matrices due to its advantages of needing no derivatization and requiring a simple interface. However, the determination of As species by HPLC coupled to HG-AFS represents a suitable alternative to the HPLC-ICP-MS technique (Cui, Xiao, Dai, Zhao, & Wang, 2012;J. Liu et al, 2008;Monasterio et al, 2011).…”

“…HG-AFS has some additional advantages for As speciation analysis, including simplicity, as well as lower acquisition and operating costs. Different HPLC separation modes, such as ion exchange (IE) (Conklin et al, 2012;Schmidt et al, 2008), reversed phase (RP) (Cui et al, 2012), and reversed phase ion pairing (RP-IP) (Mao et al, 2011;Monasterio et al, 2011;P. Wang et al, 2010), have been employed for As speciation in feed additives.…”

“…The novelty of this study resides in the development of a microwave assisted extraction (MAE) protocol for organoarsenic compounds in feed samples using phosphoric acid as extracting agent. The organoarsenic species are usually extracted from environmental samples using several solutions, such as a methanol/water mixture (Cui et al, 2012;J. Liu et al, 2008;P.…”

“…Wang et al, 2010), sonication with a sample pre-treatment time from 2 to 10 h J. Liu et al, 2008;Yao et al, 2013), or accelerated solvent extraction employing an extraction time of approximately 12 min (Cui et al, 2012). To improve the extraction efficiency and reduce both the extraction time and volume of solvent required in traditional extraction methods, such as shaking or sonication, a microwave-enhanced protocol was proposed in this study.…”

“…To improve the extraction efficiency and reduce both the extraction time and volume of solvent required in traditional extraction methods, such as shaking or sonication, a microwave-enhanced protocol was proposed in this study. The number of parameters needed for optimization in MAE was lower, and it was easier to set up compared with other automated procedures, such as accelerated solvent extraction (Cui et al, 2012). The parameters studied for optimization of the MAE method were temperature, extraction time, and extractant concentration.…”