Speciation of methyl- and ethyl-mercury in hair of breastfed infants acutely exposed to thimerosal-containing vaccines

Dórea, José G.; Bezerra, Vera Lucia V.A.; Fajon, Vesna; Horvat, Milena

doi:10.1016/j.cca.2011.05.003

Cited by 46 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…3 indicates that the babies were exposed to higher levels of Hg in utero . That is, Since babies are born with hair and these are kept uncut until they are more than 3 months old, the Hg in the babies’ hair could be from both during pregnancy and breast feeding [7, 8, 39–41], however, the median and range of Hg in the hair of the babies at 3 month old were higher and wider, respectively, than those for the mothers indicating accumulation in utero. Additionally, the median and range of the amount of Hg in the babies’ hair at 9 month (data not shown) was far less than those at 3 months and less than those of the mothers at 3 months, indicating that breast milk, complementary foods and water (not exclusively breastfed beyond 6 months) contributed relatively lesser amounts of Hg in the babies’ hair at 3 months and beyond.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cross-sectional assessment of infants’ exposure to toxic metals through breast milk in a prospective cohort study of mining communities in Ghana

et al. 2017

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BackgroundAlthough breastfeeding of infants is recommended globally, the fact that maternal toxic metal stores are mobilised into breast milk implies infants, whose mothers live and work in mining communities, are at risk of multiple exposure to mining related toxic metals, such as Lead (Pb), Mercury (Hg), Cadmium (Cd) and Arsenic (As), through breast milk intake, in addition to in utero exposure.MethodA total of 114 mother-baby pairs, recruited from two community hospitals servicing mining communities in two different regions in Ghana (57 each), were involved in this study. When the babies were 3 months old, the amount of breast milk intake, concentrations of selected toxic metals in the breast milk and therefore the amount of toxic metals exposure through breast milk were determined. The study also, determined the amount of these toxic metals in the hair and urine of each mother-baby pair at 3 months postpartum.ResultsBased on the amounts of milk intake and non-milk oral intakes (geometric mean of 0.701 (95% CL 0.59–0.81) Kg/day and median of 0.22 Kg/day respectively), 90% of the babies were determined to have been exclusively breastfed. The amounts of most of the toxic metals in breast milk were higher than the WHO set limits and for 46.4%, 33.3% and 4.4% of the babies, their intake of As, Hg and Pb respectively were above the WHO provisional tolerable daily intake (PTDI) values.ConclusionAn appreciable proportion of babies living within the communities served by the Mangoasi Community Hospital in the Obuasi Municipality of the Ashanti Region and the Dompime Health Centre in the Tarkwa Municipality of the Western Region were exposed to Hg, As and Pb through breast milk in excess of what they should and these may have health implication for the infants and therefore calls for interventions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cross-sectional assessment of infants’ exposure to toxic metals through breast milk in a prospective cohort study of mining communities in Ghana

et al. 2017

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“…This toxicity toward humans depends on the chemical form, the amount, the pathway of exposure and the vulnerability of the exposed person. Human beings are exposed to mercury through a variety of pathways: consumption of fi sh (Chan 2011, Benefi ce et al 2010, Jewett and Duffy 2007, Agusa 2005, occupational and household applications (Nance 2012, Spiegel and Veiga 2010, Eckley et al 2011, Hylander 2011, Shimshack and Ward 2010, Risher et al 2003, Junghans 1983, dental amalgams (Ye et al 2009, Bates 2011, Richardson et al 2011, mercury-coated seed grains and mercury-containing vaccines (Dórea et al 2011), and chlor-alkali industry (Grangeon et al 2012, Reis et al 2009, Montuori et al 2006, Soto et al 2011). Because of the high toxicity of mercury, special attention has been paid to its prevention (Ibáñez-Palomino et al 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Speciation and Determination of Tellurium in Water, Soil, Sediment and other Environmental Samples

Bakırdere¹

2013

Speciation Studies in Soil, Sediment and Environmental Samples

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“…For instance, the placental barriers do not protect the fetus from the MeHg transfer and bioaccumulation from the mother’s blood. Breast milk can also be a relevant MeHg exposure source [22]. Further, certain types of medical agents, such as thimerosal-containing vaccines, can lead to IHg exposure [22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Breast milk can also be a relevant MeHg exposure source [22]. Further, certain types of medical agents, such as thimerosal-containing vaccines, can lead to IHg exposure [22]. Meanwhile, certain behaviors associated with childhood (e.g., playing outside in the sand or soil, putting their hands in their mouths, etc.)…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mercury Exposure in Children of the Wanshan Mercury Mining Area, Guizhou, China

Feng

et al. 2016

IJERPH

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Abstract:To evaluate the mercury (Hg) exposure level of children located in a Hg mining area, total Hg concentrations and speciation were determined in hair and urine samples of children in the Wanshan Hg mining area, Guizhou Province, China. Rice samples consumed by these same children were also collected for total mercury (THg) and methyl-mercury (MeHg) analysis. The geometric mean concentrations of THg and MeHg in the hair samples were 1.4 (range 0.50-6.0) µg/g and 1.1 (range 0.35-4.2) µg/g, respectively, while the geometric mean concentration of urine Hg (UHg) was 1.4 (range 0.09-26) µg/g Creatinine (Cr). The average of the probable daily intake (PDI) of MeHg via rice consumption was 0.052 (0.0033-0.39) µg/kg/day, which significantly correlated with the hair MeHg concentrations (r = 0.55, p < 0.01), indicating that ingestion of rice is the main pathway of MeHg exposure for children in this area. Furthermore, 18% (26/141) of the PDIs of MeHg exceeded the USEPA Reference Dose (RfD) of 0.10 µg/kg/day, indicating that children in this area are at a high MeHg exposure level. This paper for the first time evaluates the co-exposure levels of IHg and MeHg of children living in Wanshan mining area, and revealed the difference in exposure patterns between children and adults in this area.

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Speciation of methyl- and ethyl-mercury in hair of breastfed infants acutely exposed to thimerosal-containing vaccines

Cited by 46 publications

References 17 publications

Cross-sectional assessment of infants’ exposure to toxic metals through breast milk in a prospective cohort study of mining communities in Ghana

Cross-sectional assessment of infants’ exposure to toxic metals through breast milk in a prospective cohort study of mining communities in Ghana

Speciation and Determination of Tellurium in Water, Soil, Sediment and other Environmental Samples

Mercury Exposure in Children of the Wanshan Mercury Mining Area, Guizhou, China

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