Speciation of major and selected trace elements in IGCC fly ash

Font, Oriol; Querol, Xavier; Huggins, Frank E.; Chimenos, J.M.; Fernández, A. Inés; Burgos, Silvia; Peña, Francisco García

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2004.06.039

Cited by 63 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…However, in the current work, in spite of the few instances that support the aforementioned hypothetical postulation (e.g., Ga, Ni, Rb, Se, Sr, Tb, and W), the common patterns indicated either lower or analogous concentration of metals in MFA in several cases. Some metals, such as Eu, Lu, and Nd, were remained below e.g., Ga, Ni, and V (Font et al 2005). …”

Section: Rare Metal Loading In the Waste Ashesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The elemental characterization of the incinerator ashes representing unalike resources indicates the presence of a considerable proportion of rare metals (e.g., Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Dy, Yb, Ho, Er, Tm, Lu, Ag, Bi, Ga, Ge, Pd, In, Sb, Sn, Te, and Tl) other than the toxic base metals (Zhang et al 2001, Jung et al 2004, Jung & Osako 2009). The coal fly ash produced during the coal processing has also been characterized with the enriched presence of several valuable elements, such as Ge, Ni, Ga, and V (Font et al 2005(Font et al , 2007. Leaching via acidic and alkaline treatments, followed by a subsequent step of metal recovery from leachates involving either solvent extraction, selective precipitation, or solid-phase separation (Tsuboi et al 1991, Vitolo et al 2000, Font et al 2007, Navarro et al 2007, Yang et al 2010, and vapor phase extraction (Murase et al 1998) is attempted to reclaim rare metals from the waste ashes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recovery of the Rare Metals from Various Waste Ashes with the Aid of Temperature and Ultrasound Irradiation Using Chelants

Hasegawa

Rahman

Egawa

et al. 2014

Water Air Soil Pollut

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The incineration fly ash (IFA), molten fly ash (MFA), thermal power plant fly ash (TPP-FA), and nonferrous metal processing plant ash (MMA) have been screened in terms of the following rare-termed metal contents: B, Ce, Co, Dy, Eu, Ga, Gd, Hf, In, Li, Lu, Mn, Nb, Nd, Ni, Pr, Rb, Sb, Se, Sm, Sr, Ta, Tb, Te, Ti, Tm, V, W, Y, and Yb. The pseudo-potential for recycling of the waste ashes, as compared to the cumulative concentration in the crust (mg kg -1 ), was determined as follows: MMA > IFA > MFA > TPP-FA. The comparison with the crude ore contents indicates that the MMA is the best resource for reprocessing. The recovery of the target metals using aminopolycarboxylate chelants (APCs) has been attempted at varying experimental conditions and ultrasound-induced environment. A better APC-induced extraction yield can be achieved at 0.10 mol L -1 concentration of chelant, or if the system temperature was maintained between 60 to 80 °C. Nevertheless, the mechanochemical reaction induced by the ultrasound irradiation has been, so far, the better option for rare metal dissolution with chelants as it can be conducted at a minimum chelant concentration (0.01 mol L -1 ) and at room temperature (25±0.5 °C).Keywords: Rare metals; Recovery; Fly ash; Solid waste; Aminopolycarboxylate chelant; Ultrasound irradiation 2Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 225(9): 2112 The original publication is available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11270-014-2112-9 IntroductionThe consumption rates of the metals are continually increasing due to the diversification in applications. On the contrary, the supply of metals becomes more and more limited because the resources are nonrenewable (Guinée et al. 1999). The natural deposits of some metals, which have been increasingly consumed as a key material in clean energy applications or in designing alluring daily life gadgets, are unevenly distributed in the world and have an unsteady supply chain or fluctuating market price according to the policy of the resource country (Dodson et al. 2012, Massari & Ruberti 2013. The terminology, rare metal, is thus introduced to interpret such metals, which is not an academically defined one, and there is no consensus on which element it pertains (AIST Rare Metal Task Force 2008, Kooroshy et al. 2010). For example, in Japan, 31 ores, including the rare earth elements as a group, have been designated as rare metals in terms of the concern in securing a stable supply of resources (Kawamoto 2008). Consequently, other than the refinery production, the reclaim processing of rare metals from secondary resources, such as process discards from the rare metal-consuming manufacturing schemes (Hsieh et al. 2009, Liu et al. 2009, Kang et al. 2011, Li et al. 2011, Park 2011, Virolainen et al. 2011, Hasegawa et al. 2013b or end-oflife electronic products (Shimizu et al. 2005, Cui & Zhang 2008, Rabah 2008, Bertuol et al. 2009, Binnemans et al. 2013, Hasegawa et al. 2013c, Hasegawa et al. 2013a, received sincere focus from the researchers.Municipal solid waste (MSW) manageme...

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Section: Rare Metal Loading In the Waste Ashesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recovery of the Rare Metals from Various Waste Ashes with the Aid of Temperature and Ultrasound Irradiation Using Chelants

Hasegawa

Rahman

Egawa

et al. 2014

Water Air Soil Pollut

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“…Tests were performed and results are shown in Table 2. A larger amount of raffinate in the leaching solution increased the germanium content in leachate, but if the pH of the leaching solution is very low, the puzzolanity of the fly ash can change, avoiding its reutilization after germanium extraction in many of their current applications [4,21]. Fly ash would also be a residue instead of a by-product so a leaching solution constituted by 75% of raffinate from SX process and 25% of fresh water (Table 2) was selected.…”

Section: Process and Pilot Plantmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With regard to "new" germanium production, the main sources are the zinc and copper ores, from which germanium is obtained as a byproduct. Nevertheless, due to the uses for germanium in new and high technological industrial applications, germanium metal and oxide have increased in price (1800 $/kg of germanium metal in September 2013) [2], and alternative sources such as combustion [3] and gasification [4] coal fly ashes. When the coal is gasified under proper conditions the fly ash (FA) can reach germanium contents ten times higher than the germanium content in the original coal [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Demonstration Plant Equipment Design and Scale-Up from Pilot Plant of a Leaching and Solvent Extraction Process

2015

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Germanium recovery from coal fly ash by hydrometallurgical procedures was studied at the pilot scale (5 kg of fly ash/h). Results were used to design the equipment of a demonstration-sized plant (200 kg of fly ash/h). The process is based on hydrometallurgical operations: firstly a germanium extraction from fly ash by leaching and a consequent Ge separation from the other elements present in the solution by solvent extraction procedures. Based on the experimental results, mass balances and McCabe-Thiele diagrams were applied to determine the number of steps of the solvent extraction stage. Different arrangements have been studied and a countercurrent process with three steps in extraction and six steps in elution was defined. A residence time of 5 min was fixed in both the extraction and elution stages. Volumetric ratios in extraction and stripping were: aqueous phase/organic phase = 5 and organic phase/stripping phase = 5, so a concentration factor of 25 is achieved. Mixers and decanters were completely defined. The maximum extracted and eluted germanium was estimated and a global efficiency of 94% was achieved. The cost-effectiveness of the equipment was estimated using the Lang factors.

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“…Font et al [28] examined flyash samples from the Puertollano IGCC plant. Sulfur was found to be present in the material primarily as sulfide, and iron, largely present as Fe 2+ , was primarily present in amorphous aluminosilicates (such as suggested by Brooker and Oh [27] as a source of iron for reaction with H 2 S in the gas phase).…”

Section: Limitations and Opportunitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Materials Challenges for Advanced Combustion and Gasification Fossil Energy Systems

Sridhar

Rozzelle

Morreale

et al. 2011

Metall Mater Trans A

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This special section of Metallurgical and Materials Transactions is devoted to materials challenges associated with coal based energy conversion systems. The purpose of this introductory article is to provide a brief outline to the challenges associated with advanced combustion and advanced gasification, which has the potential of providing clean, affordable electricity by improving process efficiency and implementing carbon capture and sequestration. Affordable materials that can meet the demanding performance requirements will be a key enabling technology for these systems.

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Speciation of major and selected trace elements in IGCC fly ash

Cited by 63 publications

References 7 publications

Recovery of the Rare Metals from Various Waste Ashes with the Aid of Temperature and Ultrasound Irradiation Using Chelants

Recovery of the Rare Metals from Various Waste Ashes with the Aid of Temperature and Ultrasound Irradiation Using Chelants

Demonstration Plant Equipment Design and Scale-Up from Pilot Plant of a Leaching and Solvent Extraction Process

Materials Challenges for Advanced Combustion and Gasification Fossil Energy Systems

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