Speciation of 38 elements in eight GSJ geochemical sedimentary reference materials determined using a sequential extraction technique

Kubota, Ran; Ohta, Atsuyuki; Okai, Takashi

doi:10.2343/geochemj.2.0297

Cited by 16 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…We explain the distribution of elements in the geochemical reference materials in a straightforward manner because Kubota et al (2014) carefully explained the method in which the speciation of elements extracted by the BCR protocol reflects their origins or sedimentation environments. Essentially, step 4, the final residue step, is the most dominant fraction for all elements except for Mn.…”

Section: Sequential Extraction Of Major Elements In Japanesementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Step 4 Table 2 Concentrations of major elements in steps 1-4 obtained from BCR extraction procedure (Kubota et al, 2014) − 26 − Bulletin of the Geological Survey of Japan, vol. 65 (3/4), 2014 BCR extraction applied to duplicated samples were filtrated by using a 0.45 μm cellulose-acetate membrane filter.…”

Section: X-ray Diffractometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The actual extraction procedure has been carefully summarized by Kubota et al (2014). The BCR scheme divides elemental binding forms into four associations.…”

Section: Sequential Extraction Procedures (Bcr Protocol)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The concentrations of 38 elements extracted in each step were measured by using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission (ICP-AES) and ICP-mass spectroscopy (MS; Kubota et al 2014). Table 2 summarizes the concentrations of the Na, Mg, Al, P, K, Ca, Mn, and Fe extracted in each step.…”

Section: Sequential Extraction Procedures (Bcr Protocol)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the decomposition of final residue is not part of the original BCR extraction scheme, it is termed "step 4" in this study (Kubota et al, 2014). The concentrations of 38 elements extracted in each step were measured by using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission (ICP-AES) and ICP-mass spectroscopy (MS; Kubota et al 2014).…”

Section: Sequential Extraction Procedures (Bcr Protocol)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Variation of mineralogical compositions in sequential extraction procedure adapted to geochemical reference materials (sediment series).

Ohta

Kubota²,

Okai³

2014

Bull. Geol. Surv. Japan

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Abstract:We have applied the sequential extraction procedure developed by the Community Bureau of Reference (BCR) to eight Japanese geochemical reference materials. By using this method, we attempt to extract exchangeable and carbonate phases in step 1, extract iron hydroxide and manganese oxide in step 2, and extract metal sulfide and organic material in step 3. We use X-ray diffractometry (XRD) to measure untreated samples and the residue of samples after each step of the extraction process to determine whether the target material is satisfactorily decomposed during the procedure. For JSd-1 and JSd-3, XRD patterns do not change significantly by using the BCR procedure. Actually, most of the elements in these materials are scarcely extracted by BCR scheme. The peaks of calcite in JSd-4, JMs-1 and JMs-2 disappear in the XRD patterns after the first extraction procedure. The result suggests that the target phase of step 1 process is fully decomposed. JLk-1 and JMs-2 show high concentrations of the Fe and Mn extracted in step 2. However, it is difficult to clearly confirm the full decomposition of iron hydroxide and manganese oxide in step 2 because these materials do not show distinct peaks in the XRD patterns. Pyrite in JMs-1 disappears in step 3 of the extraction, which suggests that sulfide is satisfactorily decomposed in this process. X-ray reflection intensities of some peaks for quartz and plagioclase in JSO-1 increase significantly after step 3 of the extraction. It is assumed that organic material thickly covered the mineral surfaces and reduced the X-ray reflection from the minerals prior to the third procedure. Although this evidence is indirect, we conclude that organic material is successfully decomposed and removed from the mineral surface during the third extraction procedure. On the basis of these results, it is confirmed that the BCR protocol can properly extract target materials from the geochemical reference materials.

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Section: Sequential Extraction Of Major Elements In Japanesementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: X-ray Diffractometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The actual extraction procedure has been carefully summarized by Kubota et al (2014). The BCR scheme divides elemental binding forms into four associations.…”

Section: Sequential Extraction Procedures (Bcr Protocol)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sequential Extraction Procedures (Bcr Protocol)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sequential Extraction Procedures (Bcr Protocol)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Variation of mineralogical compositions in sequential extraction procedure adapted to geochemical reference materials (sediment series).

Ohta

Kubota²,

Okai³

2014

Bull. Geol. Surv. Japan

Self Cite

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Choosing optimal exposure times for XRF core‐scanning: Suggestions based on the analysis of geological reference materials

Huang

Löwemark

Chang

et al. 2016

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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X‐ray fluorescence (XRF) core‐scanning is a fast and nondestructive technique to assess elemental variations of unprocessed sediments. However, although the exposure time of XRF‐scanning directly affects the scanning counts and total measurement time, only a few studies have considered the influence of exposure time during the scan. How to select an optimal exposure time to achieve reliable results and reduce the total measurement time is an important issue. To address this question, six geological reference materials from the Geological Survey of Japan (JLK‐1, JMS‐1, JMS‐2, JSD‐1, JSD‐2, and JSD‐3) were scanned by the Itrax‐XRF core scanner using the Mo‐ and the Cr‐tube with different exposure times to allow a comparison of scanning counts with absolute concentrations. The regression lines and correlation coefficients of elements that are generally used in paleoenvironmental studies were examined for the different exposure times and X‐ray tubes. The results show that for those elements with relatively high concentrations or high detectability, the correlation coefficients are higher than 0.90 for all exposure times. In contrast, for the low detectability or low concentration elements, the correlation coefficients are relatively low, and improve little with increased exposure time. Therefore, we suggest that the influence of different exposure times is insignificant for the accuracy of the measurements. Thus, caution must be taken when interpreting the results of elements with low detectability, even when the exposure times are long and scanning counts are reasonably high.

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Tessier sequential extraction on 17 elements from three marine sediment certified reference materials (HISS-1, MESS-4, and PACS-3)

et al. 2020

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Speciation of 38 elements in eight GSJ geochemical sedimentary reference materials determined using a sequential extraction technique

Cited by 16 publications

References 39 publications

Variation of mineralogical compositions in sequential extraction procedure adapted to geochemical reference materials (sediment series).

Variation of mineralogical compositions in sequential extraction procedure adapted to geochemical reference materials (sediment series).

Choosing optimal exposure times for XRF core‐scanning: Suggestions based on the analysis of geological reference materials

Tessier sequential extraction on 17 elements from three marine sediment certified reference materials (HISS-1, MESS-4, and PACS-3)

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