Speciation in Brooding and Poorly Dispersing Lacustrine Organisms

Profundal benthic invertebrates in an oligotrophic tropical lake: different strategies for coping with anoxia

“…In contrast, C. patzcuaro remains throughout the year in the deep sediments of the lake by entering diapause in the juvenile stage. Ecologically, deep benthic organisms are capable of settling throughout a wide variety of aquatic habitats (Külköylüoğlu and Sari, 2012), exhibiting low extinction rates (Cohen and Johnston, 1987) and increasing persistence over time.…”

The morphology and independent origin of ovoviviparity in Tiphobia and Lavigeria (Caenogastropoda: Cerithioidea: Paludomidae) from Lake Tanganyika

“…Several workers have advocated the general validity of this correlation, apparently by extrapolating from the species-rich Lavigeria clade (e.g. Cohen and Johnston 1987;Coulter 1991;Brown 1994;Michel 1994Michel , 2004. However, as acknowledged by some (e.g.…”

“…However, as acknowledged by some (e.g. Cohen and Johnston 1987;Michel 1994), the occurrence of brooding in the species-poor Tiphobia and Tanganyicia argues against high interdependence between viviparity and formation of speciose clades. Indeed, Lavigeria seems to be an exception rather than the rule.…”

“…Cohen and Johnston (1987) speculated that gene flow between populations of lacustrine brooders may be greatly inhibited by extreme localization (i.e. diminished dispersal), thereby facihtating speciation.…”

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“…For instance, the three-dimensional aquatic environment might provide compartments based on depth parameters into which dispersing males swim, some of these males may then secure preferential matings. This position is lent a degree of credibility by the observed importance of limited dispersal in influencing species diversity in the cichlids, which has been correlated with extreme localization of gene pools in the absence of any habitat barriers (Cohen and Johnston 1987). Darwin's finches on the Galapagos island of Isla Genovesa are another lineage that appear at times to have undergone sympatric speciation (Grant and Grant 1989).…”