Specialty Crop Germplasm and Public Breeding Efforts in the United States

Abstract

The United States Department of Agriculture/Agriculture Research Service/National Germplasm System (USDA/ARS/NGS) plant germplasm collections contain more than 600,000 different accessions of 16,289 species, including virtually all the ethnic and specialty crops of interest to United States (U.S.) agriculture. These and additional collections of plant seeds and asexual propagules are maintained at various laboratories and facilities geographically dispersed in the U.S. including NGS and many public land grant university institutions. The majority of these species fall under the definition of “specialty” crops since their utility is either narrow in scope or has not been fully developed. This paper summarizes the status of “specialty” and ethnic crop species germplasm in the U.S. including where the collections are maintained and how they are being used.

Phenotypic Screening of Chilli Genotypes Collected from Different Regions

“…Furthermore, genetic variety is vital for selecting parents with stronger combination potential and for obtaining superior genotypes [5]. The raw material which is genotype to the plant breeder is the pool of genes that must be identified, isolated, and melded into the genome of a new genetic entity that expresses a unique and desirable phenotype [6]. The crafting of raw material into high yielding varieties needs to go through domestication, refinement and maintenance, which is done by local farmers and characterization of these farmer's varieties could be a potential source of revolutionary genes in plant breeding [7,8].…”