Specialized Pro-resolving Mediators Regulate Alveolar Fluid Clearance during Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Wang, Qian; Yan, Songfan; Yu, Hao; Jin, Shudong

doi:10.4103/0366-6999.229890

Cited by 34 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 107 publications

(139 reference statements)

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“…These findings supported also by results of animal studies [ 225 , 226 , 227 ], may suggest a potential role for EPA and DHA in reducing the lung injury supporting the resolution of inflammation, probably via the production of SPMs [ 207 ]. However, further trials are needed to support this hypothesis.…”

Section: Omega-3 Fatty Acidssupporting

confidence: 61%

The Role of Micronutrients in Support of the Immune Response against Viral Infections

et al. 2020

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Viral infections are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, and the importance of public health practices including handwashing and vaccinations in reducing their spread is well established. Furthermore, it is well known that proper nutrition can help support optimal immune function, reducing the impact of infections. Several vitamins and trace elements play an important role in supporting the cells of the immune system, thus increasing the resistance to infections. Other nutrients, such as omega-3 fatty acids, help sustain optimal function of the immune system. The main aim of this manuscript is to discuss of the potential role of micronutrients supplementation in supporting immunity, particularly against respiratory virus infections. Literature analysis showed that in vitro and observational studies, and clinical trials, highlight the important role of vitamins A, C, and D, omega-3 fatty acids, and zinc in modulating the immune response. Supplementation with vitamins, omega 3 fatty acids and zinc appears to be a safe and low-cost way to support optimal function of the immune system, with the potential to reduce the risk and consequences of infection, including viral respiratory infections. Supplementation should be in addition to a healthy diet and fall within recommended upper safety limits set by scientific expert bodies. Therefore, implementing an optimal nutrition, with micronutrients and omega-3 fatty acids supplementation, might be a cost-effective, underestimated strategy to help reduce the burden of infectious diseases worldwide, including coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

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Section: Omega-3 Fatty Acidssupporting

confidence: 61%

The Role of Micronutrients in Support of the Immune Response against Viral Infections

et al. 2020

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“…Furthermore, stimulated alveolar macrophages had reduced concentrations of ARA-derived mediators, such as PGE2 and TXB2, suggesting a beneficial effect of omega-3 fatty acids over omega-6 fatty acids in ALI attenuation [77,78]. More recently, the role of SPMs, specifically resolvins, in the resolution of inflammation has been demonstrated in several animal models of ALI and ARDS [79][80][81][82]. These studies, carried out using rats and mice models infected with E.coli O55:B5 endotoxin LPS, suggested that the pro-resolving effects of these molecules could be attributed, for example, to the suppression of neutrophil infiltration due to reduction of expression and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines from alveolar macrophages [79,81].…”

Section: Evidence Of Omega-3 Fatty Acids Supplementation On Inflammatmentioning

confidence: 98%

Potential benefits and risks of omega-3 fatty acids supplementation to patients with COVID-19

Rogero

Leão

Santana

et al. 2020

Free Radical Biology and Medicine

140

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Studies have shown that infection, excessive coagulation, cytokine storm, leukopenia, lymphopenia, hypoxemia and oxidative stress have also been observed in critically ill Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) patients in addition to the onset symptoms. There are still no approved drugs or vaccines. Dietary supplements could possibly improve the patient's recovery. Omega-3 fatty acids, specifically eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), present an anti-inflammatory effect that could ameliorate some patients need for intensive care unit (ICU) admission. EPA and DHA replace arachidonic acid (ARA) in the phospholipid membranes. When oxidized by enzymes, EPA and DHA contribute to the synthesis of less inflammatory eicosanoids and specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators (SPMs), such as resolvins, maresins and protectins. This reduces inflammation. In contrast, some studies have reported that EPA and DHA can make cell membranes more susceptible to non-enzymatic oxidation mediated by reactive oxygen species, leading to the formation of potentially toxic oxidation products and increasing the oxidative stress. Although the inflammatory resolution improved by EPA and DHA could contribute to the recovery of patients infected with SARS-CoV-2, Omega-3 fatty acids supplementation cannot be recommended before randomized and controlled trials are carried out.

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“…This could be very important in the context of severe COVID-19 which manifests as uncontrolled inflammation, the so-called cytokine storm [18,19], linked with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). A number of the SPMs formed from EPA and DHA have been shown in animal models to both protect against and resolve acute lung injury and ARDS [20][21][22][23][24]. Nutritional formulas containing antioxidants and rich in EPA and DHA have been used in several human trials of patients with ARDS.…”

Section: Nutritional Impact On Immunitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal Nutritional Status for a Well-Functioning Immune System Is an Important Factor to Protect against Viral Infections

et al. 2020

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Public health practices including handwashing and vaccinations help reduce the spread and impact of infections. Nevertheless, the global burden of infection is high, and additional measures are necessary. Acute respiratory tract infections, for example, were responsible for approximately 2.38 million deaths worldwide in 2016. The role nutrition plays in supporting the immune system is well-established. A wealth of mechanistic and clinical data show that vitamins, including vitamins A, B 6 , B 12 , C, D, E, and folate; trace elements, including zinc, iron, selenium, magnesium, and copper; and the omega-3 fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid play important and complementary roles in supporting the immune system. Inadequate intake and status of these nutrients are widespread, leading to a decrease in resistance to infections and as a consequence an increase in disease burden. Against this background the following conclusions are made: (1) supplementation with the above micronutrients and omega-3 fatty acids is a safe, effective, and low-cost strategy to help support optimal immune function; (2) supplementation above the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA), but within recommended upper safety limits, for specific nutrients such as vitamins C and D is warranted; and (3) public health officials are encouraged to include nutritional strategies in their recommendations to improve public health.

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Specialized Pro-resolving Mediators Regulate Alveolar Fluid Clearance during Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Cited by 34 publications

References 107 publications

The Role of Micronutrients in Support of the Immune Response against Viral Infections

The Role of Micronutrients in Support of the Immune Response against Viral Infections

Potential benefits and risks of omega-3 fatty acids supplementation to patients with COVID-19

Optimal Nutritional Status for a Well-Functioning Immune System Is an Important Factor to Protect against Viral Infections

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