Specialized neuroglial arrangement may explain the capacity of vomeronasal axons to reinnervate central neurons

Raisman, Geoffrey

doi:10.1016/0306-4522(85)90176-9

Cited by 231 publications

(133 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Typically, multiple P75NTR-positive OECs formed continuous rims around the neuropil and clearly encircle each putative glomerulus, separating glomeruli from each other. However, some investigators have proposed that the P75NTR-negative glial cells surrounding glomeruli are peripheral OECs, whereas GFAP-positive astrocytes processes in the center of the glomeruli derive from the radial glia (Raisman, 1985;Valverde and Lopez-Mascaraque, 1991;Valverde et al, 1992). On the contrary, other investigators have interpreted the absence of P75NTR from the glomerular layer as indicating absence of OECs in the glomerular layer throughout development (Treloar et al, 1999;Au et al, 2002).…”

Section: The Distribution Of P75ntr-positive Oecs In Human Fetal Olfamentioning

confidence: 99%

The Immunohistochemical Characterization of Human Fetal Olfactory Bulb and Olfactory Ensheathing Cells in Culture as a Source for Clinical CNS Restoration

Liu²,

Wang³

et al. 2010

The Anatomical Record

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Clinical studies have expanded the therapeutic olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) transplantation to different human Central Nervous System (CNS) diseases. In fact, the OEC transplantation in clinic is a mixture of olfactory bulb cells; they even have not demonstrated that they have such a subpopulation yet. However, as a source of OECs transplantation, the development and identification of human fetal OECs are still need more understanding, because some surgery try to restoration CNS injury with a more purity of OEC cultures generated by a number of different procedures. In this article, twelve human fetal olfactory bulb (OB) samples were obtained from six fetuses in 20 weeks of gestation, it was studied by immunofluorescence on histological sections and cultured cells with multiple antibodies under confocal microscopy. The P75NTR positive OB-OECs (olfactory ensheathing cell from the olfactory bulb) were present in both outer olfactory nerve layers and glomerular layer. The percentage of OB cells in culture, about 22.31 was P75NTR positive, 45.77 was S100b, and 31.92 was GFAP. P75NTR and GFAP were coexpressed with S100b, respectively; however, P75NTR was not coexpressed with GFAP in human fetal OECs. It is suggested that the localization and development of human OECs in OB are different to those in rodent, and the P75NTR immunohistological staining is still necessary to identify and characterize human fetal OECs in culture before transplantation. Anat Rec, 293:359-369, 2010. V V C 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

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Section: The Distribution Of P75ntr-positive Oecs In Human Fetal Olfamentioning

confidence: 99%

The Immunohistochemical Characterization of Human Fetal Olfactory Bulb and Olfactory Ensheathing Cells in Culture as a Source for Clinical CNS Restoration

Liu²,

Wang³

et al. 2010

The Anatomical Record

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“…In vivo, OECs express a nonmyelinating phenotype (Figure 2), providing ensheathment for small C fibers (i.e., the olfactory axons; Doucette, 1984Doucette, , 1990Raisman, 1985). They also express a nonmyelinating phenotype in neuron-free cell cultures, as demonstrated by Barnett et al (1993) and by Devon (1994, 1995).…”

Section: Oecs Normally Differentiate Into Nonmyelinating Gliamentioning

confidence: 96%

“…OECs (Figure 1) provide ensheathment for olfactory axons, all of which are unmyelinated (Doucette, 1984(Doucette, , 1993Raisman, 1985). Due to their ability both to support CNS axon regeneration and to remyelinate the regenerated axons, these cells have attracted attention as potential therapeutic agents for the treatment of demyelinating diseases and for repairing the damaged spinal cord.…”

Section: Who Are Olfactory Ensheathing Cells?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These glial cells, which are referred to as olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs), provide ensheathment in vivo for the unmyelinated olfactory axons within both the CNS and PNS portions of the olfactory nerve (Doucette, 1984(Doucette, , 1986(Doucette, , 1993Raisman, 1985). Two reasons why these cells have become so popular are their ability to promote long distance growth in vivo of regenerating axons (Ramon-Cueto and NietoSampedro, 1994;Smale et al, 1996;Li et al, 1997;Perez-Bouza et al, 1998;Nash et al, 2002;Pascual et al, 2002;) and to remyelinate spinal cord axons (Franklin et al, 1996;Imaizumi et al, 1998) in the adult mammalian CNS.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Olfactory ensheathing cells: Historical perspective and therapeutic potential

Boyd

Skihar²,

Kawaja³

et al. 2003

The Anatomical Record Part B

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“…Based on the pathway hypothesis, I had speculated that the ability to grow depended not on the nerve fibres, but on the presence of specialised pathway cells. Finally, in 1985, 19 I first described a type of pathway cell, unique in structure and arrangement, and found only in the primary olfactory pathway. This cell is now called the olfactory ensheathing cell.…”

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confidence: 99%

Repair of spinal cord injury: ripples of an incoming tide, or how I spent my first 40 years in research

Raisman

2006

Spinal Cord

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of the inaugural lecture on appointment to the Chair of Neural Regeneration at University College London January 2006. Record of personal research. Electron microscopic observations led to the concept that the adult brain is capable of forming new synapses after injury, and the search for methods to repair brain and spinal cord injuries. It is proposed that the failure of regeneration after central axotomy is due to protective glial scarring leading to the loss of the aligned astrocytic pathways needed for axon elongation. Taking advantage of the discovery that the adult olfactory system is capable of continual renewal, cultured olfactory ensheathing cells were transplanted into lesions of the spinal cord and spinal roots. The transplants re-opened scarred glial pathways, allowed the regeneration of severed nerve fibres, and the restoration of various functions, including paw reaching, climbing, and supraspinal respiratory impulses to the phrenic nerve.

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Specialized neuroglial arrangement may explain the capacity of vomeronasal axons to reinnervate central neurons

Cited by 231 publications

References 38 publications

The Immunohistochemical Characterization of Human Fetal Olfactory Bulb and Olfactory Ensheathing Cells in Culture as a Source for Clinical CNS Restoration

The Immunohistochemical Characterization of Human Fetal Olfactory Bulb and Olfactory Ensheathing Cells in Culture as a Source for Clinical CNS Restoration

Olfactory ensheathing cells: Historical perspective and therapeutic potential

Repair of spinal cord injury: ripples of an incoming tide, or how I spent my first 40 years in research

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