Specialized immune responses in the peritoneal cavity and omentum

Liu, Mingyong; Silva-Sánchez, Aarón; Randall, Troy D.; Meza-Pérez, Selene

doi:10.1002/jlb.5mir0720-271rr

Cited by 69 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 218 publications

(450 reference statements)

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“…RELMa Td/Td Mice Suffer From Increased IL-4c Induced Pathology Serosal macrophages that reside in the peritoneal cavity have important surveillance roles as sentinels for pathogen infections, but also regulate inflammation and can migrate to visceral organs to mediate repair (37). Peritoneal macrophages are main cellular sources with up to 100% RELMa expression following IL-4c injection, however, the function of RELMa in the peritoneal cavity has not been investigated.…”

Section: Generation and Validation Of Relma Transgenic Micementioning

confidence: 99%

Macrophage-Regulatory T Cell Interactions Promote Type 2 Immune Homeostasis Through Resistin-Like Molecule α

Kim

Lainez

et al. 2021

Front. Immunol.

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RELMα is a small, secreted protein expressed by type 2 cytokine-activated “M2” macrophages in helminth infection and allergy. At steady state and in response to type 2 cytokines, RELMα is highly expressed by peritoneal macrophages, however, its function in the serosal cavity is unclear. In this study, we generated RELMα TdTomato (Td) reporter/knockout (RαTd) mice and investigated RELMα function in IL-4 complex (IL-4c)-induced peritoneal inflammation. We first validated the RELMαTd/Td transgenic mice and showed that IL-4c injection led to the significant expansion of large peritoneal macrophages that expressed Td but not RELMα protein, while RELMα+/+ mice expressed RELMα and not Td. Functionally, RELMαTd/Td mice had increased IL-4 induced peritoneal macrophage responses and splenomegaly compared to RELMα+/+ mice. Gene expression analysis indicated that RELMαTd/Td peritoneal macrophages were more proliferative and activated than RELMα+/+ macrophages, with increased genes associated with T cell responses, growth factor and cytokine signaling, but decreased genes associated with differentiation and maintenance of myeloid cells. We tested the hypothesis that RαTd/Td macrophages drive aberrant T cell activation using peritoneal macrophage and T cell co-culture. There were no differences in CD4+ T cell effector responses when co-cultured with RELMα+/+ or RELMαTd/Td macrophages, however, RELMαTd/Td macrophages were impaired in their ability to sustain proliferation of FoxP3+ regulatory T cells (Treg). Supportive of the in vitro results, immunofluorescent staining of the spleens revealed significantly decreased FoxP3+ cells in the RELMαTd/Td spleens compared to RELMα+/+ spleens. Taken together, these studies identify a new RELMα regulatory pathway whereby RELMα-expressing macrophages directly sustain Treg proliferation to limit type 2 inflammatory responses.

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Section: Generation and Validation Of Relma Transgenic Micementioning

confidence: 99%

Macrophage-Regulatory T Cell Interactions Promote Type 2 Immune Homeostasis Through Resistin-Like Molecule α

Kim

Lainez

et al. 2021

Front. Immunol.

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“…However, by characterising mesenchymal cells isolated from experimental omental adhesions, Gomez-Gil and colleagues found that their phenotype and behaviour in culture related to type of adhesions they formed, either adipose rich and highly vascularised or fibrous and populated with myofibroblasts [ 150 ]. Local environmental factors such as inflammation, infection, ischaemia, and mechanical stress as well as metabolic status likely determine the type of omental adhesions induced to form post-surgery [ 151 ]. Interestingly, injured mesothelium is able to signal to uninjured adjacent mesothelium causing a reciprocal change in cell phenotype and behaviour [ 152 ].…”

Section: Further Discussion and Areas Of Future Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Post-Surgical Peritoneal Scarring and Key Molecular Mechanisms

Herrick

Wilm

2021

Biomolecules

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Post-surgical adhesions are internal scar tissue and a major health and economic burden. Adhesions affect and involve the peritoneal lining of the abdominal cavity, which consists of a continuous mesothelial covering of the cavity wall and majority of internal organs. Our understanding of the full pathophysiology of adhesion formation is limited by the fact that the mechanisms regulating normal serosal repair and regeneration of the mesothelial layer are still being elucidated. Emerging evidence suggests that mesothelial cells do not simply form a passive barrier but perform a wide range of important regulatory functions including maintaining a healthy peritoneal homeostasis as well as orchestrating events leading to normal repair or pathological outcomes following injury. Here, we summarise recent advances in our understanding of serosal repair and adhesion formation with an emphasis on molecular mechanisms and novel gene expression signatures associated with these processes. We discuss changes in mesothelial biomolecular marker expression during peritoneal development, which may help, in part, to explain findings in adults from lineage tracing studies using experimental adhesion models. Lastly, we highlight examples of where local tissue specialisation may determine a particular response of peritoneal cells to injury.

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“…Immune dysregulation in obese subjects can result in a chronic low-grade inflammation in which visceral adipose tissue, especially the omental depot, is thought to play a key role. It is characterized by increased infiltration and activation of innate and adaptive immune cells, which in turn leads to a shift from predominantly Type 2 cells to T1 cells and a decrease in Tregs in the adipose tissue [ 81 , 82 ]. Nanomaterials play an important role in the treatment of obesity and obesity-related metabolic diseases [ 83 ].…”

Section: Serosal–mucosal Interactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanomaterials and the Serosal Immune System in the Thoracic and Peritoneal Cavities

Kuper¹,

Pieters

Bilsen

2021

IJMS

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The thoracic and peritoneal cavities are lined by serous membranes and are home of the serosal immune system. This immune system fuses innate and adaptive immunity, to maintain local homeostasis and repair local tissue damage, and to cooperate closely with the mucosal immune system. Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are found abundantly in the thoracic and peritoneal cavities, and they are crucial in first defense against pathogenic viruses and bacteria. Nanomaterials (NMs) can enter the cavities intentionally for medical purposes, or unintentionally following environmental exposure; subsequent serosal inflammation and cancer (mesothelioma) has gained significant interest. However, reports on adverse effects of NM on ILCs and other components of the serosal immune system are scarce or even lacking. As ILCs are crucial in the first defense against pathogenic viruses and bacteria, it is possible that serosal exposure to NM may lead to a reduced resistance against pathogens. Additionally, affected serosal lymphoid tissues and cells may disturb adipose tissue homeostasis. This review aims to provide insight into key effects of NM on the serosal immune system.

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Specialized immune responses in the peritoneal cavity and omentum

Cited by 69 publications

References 218 publications

Macrophage-Regulatory T Cell Interactions Promote Type 2 Immune Homeostasis Through Resistin-Like Molecule α

Macrophage-Regulatory T Cell Interactions Promote Type 2 Immune Homeostasis Through Resistin-Like Molecule α

Post-Surgical Peritoneal Scarring and Key Molecular Mechanisms

Nanomaterials and the Serosal Immune System in the Thoracic and Peritoneal Cavities

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