Specialization and semantic organization: Evidence for multiple semantics linked to sensory modalities

Mental states inside out: Switching costs for emotional and nonemotional sentences that differ in internal and external focus

“…By highlighting the contrast between internal and external perspectives, the present findings extend previous work on the role of perspective in language comprehension, which explored how people construct different perspectives when understanding external events (Borghi et al, 2004;Brunyé et al, 2009;Horton & Rapp, 2003;Morrow et al, 1987;Spivey & Geng, 2001;Wu & Barsalou, 2009). Moreover, by introducing an internal perspective, the present findings extend previous work on switching effects that has mainly focused on the classic sensory modalities (Marques, 2006;Pecher et al, 2003;van Dantzig et al, 2008; but see Vermeulen et al, 2007).…”

“…Previous research has found switching costs when properties of verified concepts come from different sensory modalities, rather than from the same sensory modality (Marques, 2006;Pecher, Zeelenberg, & Barsalou, 2003;van Dantzig, Pecher, Zeelenberg, & Barsalou, 2008;Vermeulen, Niedenthal, & Luminet, 2007). For instance, Pecher et al demonstrated that people verify that an apple is shiny more quickly after verifying that a flag is striped than after verifying that an airplane is noisy.…”

Modality exclusivity norms for 423 object properties

“…Such distinctions are extremely important when considering interactions between linguistic, conceptual, and perceptual systems (see, e.g., Connell, 2007) and yet, to date, have been largely neglected in work examining modality-specific activations in conceptual processing. A common assumption in empirical studies has been that each object property or word can be mapped to just one perceptual modality (e.g., González et al, 2006;Marques, 2006;Newman et al, 2005;Pecher et al, 2003). For example, Pecher et al's classification of rustling as an auditory property may be problematic if the rustling movement of leaves can also be visually perceived and represented.…”

Object manipulability affects children's and adults' conceptual processing

“…Findings from property verification (Borghi, 2004;Marques, 2006;Pecher, Zeelenberg, & Barsalou, 2003, 2004 and language comprehension (Stanfield & Zwaan, 2001;Zwaan, Stanfield, & Yaxley, 2002) seem to indicate that adults reactivate their sensorimotor experience with objects when processing concepts (Barsalou, 1999(Barsalou, , 2008. Consequently, manipulable objects would give rise to specific conceptual processing, since they strongly involve motor experience.…”