Special Topic: Cretaceous greenhouse palaeoclimate and sea-level changes

Hu, Xiumian; Wagreich, Michael; Sames, Benjamin

doi:10.1007/s11430-016-0278-3

Cited by 12 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 10 publications

(6 reference statements)

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“…Hothouse conditions likely prevailed during deposition of Kem Kem Group rocks in much of the area now occupied by the Sahara, with harsh seasonality, arid conditions and strong convective storms predominating Paesler 2003, Holz 2015). The Earth's climate is now widely understood as oscillating on a scale of millions of years between icehouse, greenhouse and hothouse states (Fischer 1982, Kidder and Worsley 2010, Wendler and Wendler 2016, Hu et al 2017. During the Cenomanian, sea levels reached their maximum during the Cretaceous (Holz 2015), sea surface temperatures were very elevated (Boucot and Gray 2001), and temperate forests grew within the polar circles (e.g., Herman andSpicer 1996, Falcon-Lang et al 2001).…”

Section: Paleogeography and Paleoenvironmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geology and paleontology of the Upper Cretaceous Kem Kem Group of eastern Morocco

Ibrahim¹,

Sereno²,

Varricchio³

et al. 2020

128

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The geological and paleoenvironmental setting and the vertebrate taxonomy of the fossiliferous, Cenomanian-age deltaic sediments in eastern Morocco, generally referred to as the “Kem Kem beds”, are reviewed. These strata are recognized here as the Kem Kem Group, which is composed of the lower Gara Sbaa and upper Douira formations. Both formations have yielded a similar fossil vertebrate assemblage of predominantly isolated elements pertaining to cartilaginous and bony fishes, turtles, crocodyliforms, pterosaurs, and dinosaurs, as well as invertebrate, plant, and trace fossils. These fossils, now in collections around the world, are reviewed and tabulated. The Kem Kem vertebrate fauna is biased toward large-bodied carnivores including at least four large-bodied non-avian theropods (an abelisaurid, Spinosaurus, Carcharodontosaurus, and Deltadromeus), several large-bodied pterosaurs, and several large crocodyliforms. No comparable modern terrestrial ecosystem exists with similar bias toward large-bodied carnivores. The Kem Kem vertebrate assemblage, currently the best documented association just prior to the onset of the Cenomanian-Turonian marine transgression, captures the taxonomic diversity of a widespread northern African fauna better than any other contemporary assemblage from elsewhere in Africa.

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Section: Paleogeography and Paleoenvironmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geology and paleontology of the Upper Cretaceous Kem Kem Group of eastern Morocco

Ibrahim¹,

Sereno²,

Varricchio³

et al. 2020

128

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“…Studying deep-time hyperthermal events provides an important reference for understanding the current global warming. In 2017, a special topic "Cretaceous greenhouse paleoclimate and sea-level changes" was published in Science China Earth Sciences (Hu et al, 2017). This special issue focused on the Cretaceous greenhouse climate and sea level change.…”

Section: Conclusion and Perspectivementioning

confidence: 99%

Two types of hyperthermal events in the Mesozoic-Cenozoic: Environmental impacts, biotic effects, and driving mechanisms

Han

et al. 2020

Sci. China Earth Sci.

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A deeper understanding of hyperthermal events in the Earth's history can provide an important scientific basis for understanding and coping with global warming in the Anthropocene. Two types of hyperthermal events are classified based on the characteristics of the carbon isotope excursion (CIE) of the five representative hyperthermal events in the Mesozoic and Cenozoic. The first type is overall characterized by negative CIEs (NCHE) and represented by the Permian-Triassic boundary event (PTB,~252 Ma), the early Toarcian oceanic anoxic event (TOAE,~183 Ma), and the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum event (PETM,~56 Ma). The second type is overall characterized by positive CIEs (PCHE) and represented by the early Aptian oceanic anoxic event (OAE1a,~120 Ma) and the latest Cenomanian oceanic anoxic event (OAE2,~94 Ma). Hyperthermal events of negative CIEs (NCHE), lead to dramatic changes in temperature, sedimentation, and biodiversity. These events caused frequent occurrence of terrestrial wildfires, extreme droughts, acid rain, destruction of ozone layer, metal poisoning (such as mercury), changes in terrestrial water system, and carbonate platform demise, ocean acidification, ocean anoxia in marine settings, and various degree extinction of terrestrial and marine life, especially in shallow marine. In contrast, hyperthermal events of positive CIEs (PCHE), result in rapid warming of seawater and widespread oceanic anoxia, large-scale burial of organic matter and associated black shale deposition, which exerted more significant impacts on deep-water marine life, but little impacts on shallow sea and terrestrial life. While PCHEs were triggered by volcanism associated with LIPs in deep-sea environment, the released heat and nutrient were buffered by seawater due to their eruption in the deep sea, thus exerted more significant impacts on deep-marine biota than on shallow marine and terrestrial biota. This work enriches the study of hyperthermal events in geological history, not only for the understanding of hyperthermal events themselves, large igneous provinces, marine and terrestrial environment changes, mass extinctions, but also for providing a new method to identify the types of hyperthermal events and the inference of their driving mechanism based on the characteristics of carbon isotopic excursions and geological records.

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“…IGCP 609 'Climate-environmental deteriorations during greenhouse phases: Causes and consequences of short-term Cretaceous sea-level changes' IGCP 609 (Li et al 2016;Wagreich et al 2016;Hu et al 2017) addressed the correlation, causes and consequences of significant short-term (cycles of third-and fourth-order, i.e. about 0.5-3.0 myr and a few tens of thousands to 0.5 myr, respectively) sealevel changes which are recorded in Cretaceous sedimentary sequences worldwide.…”

mentioning

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An introduction to causes and consequences of Cretaceous sea-level changes (IGCP 609)

Wagreich

Sames

Hart

et al. 2020

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The International Geoscience Programme Project IGCP 609 addressed correlation, causes and consequences of short-term sea-level fluctuations during the Cretaceous. Processes causing several ka to several Ma (third- to fourth-order) sea-level oscillations during the Cretaceous are so far poorly understood. IGCP 609 proved the existence of sea-level cycles during potential ice sheet-free greenhouse to hothouse climate phases. These sea-level fluctuations were most probably controlled by aquifer-eustasy that is altering land-water storage owing to groundwater aquifer charge and discharge. The project investigated Cretaceous sea-level cycles in detail in order to differentiate and quantify both short- and long-term records based on orbital cyclicity. High-resolution sea-level records were correlated to the geological timescale resulting in a hierarchy of sea-level cycles in the longer Milankovitch band, especially in the 100 ka, 405 ka, 1.2 Ma and 2.4 Ma range. The relation of sea-level highs and lows to palaeoclimate events, palaeoenvironments and biota was also investigated using multiproxy studies. For a hothouse Earth such as the mid-Cretaceous, humid–arid climate cycles controlling groundwater-related sea-level change were evidenced by stable isotope data, correlation to continental lake-level records and humid–arid weathering cycles.

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Special Topic: Cretaceous greenhouse palaeoclimate and sea-level changes

Cited by 12 publications

References 10 publications

Geology and paleontology of the Upper Cretaceous Kem Kem Group of eastern Morocco

Geology and paleontology of the Upper Cretaceous Kem Kem Group of eastern Morocco

Two types of hyperthermal events in the Mesozoic-Cenozoic: Environmental impacts, biotic effects, and driving mechanisms

An introduction to causes and consequences of Cretaceous sea-level changes (IGCP 609)

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