Special symposium: In vitro plant recalcitrance transcript profiling: A tool to assess the development of conifer embryos

Cairney, John; Xu, Nanfei; Mackay, John; Pullman, Jerry

doi:10.1007/s11627-000-0031-5

Cited by 35 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…This could partly explain a reduction in length of mature embryos. The suspensor is indeed suspected to play a role in the growth and nutrition of somatic embryos in Pinus taeda (Cairney et al 2000;Ciavatta et al 2001). Moreover, the age-related length reduction of CE we observed resembles to stress-induced reductions previously described.…”

Section: Qualitative Evolution Of Cesupporting

confidence: 85%

Long-term subculture randomly affects morphology and subsequent maturation of early somatic embryos in maritime pine

Breton¹,

Harvengt²,

Trontin³

et al. 2006

Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult

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Somatic embryogenesis is affected by highly variable maturation yields in Pinus pinaster. Origins of this variability were investigated by testing effects of spatial and temporal division of initial embryogenic tissue into independently cultivated pieces. One embryogenic cell-line was proliferated to obtain six embryonal-suspensor masses (ESM) treated as six sub-lines within a single dish. After proliferation to reach 2, 4 and 8 dishes (12, 24, 48 ESM), the 48 ESM (six sub-lines) were maintained by weekly subculture (34 weeks). ESM observations and maturation tests were regularly performed during the amplification and maintenance periods. Relations between maturation yields as well as cotylfedonary embryo length and immature embryo morphology were analyzed. ESM yielded variable results, independently from culture spatial (dish) and temporal (sub-line) subdivision. Maturation yields and length of regenerated embryos globally decreased as a function of subculture number. Concomitantly, morphological degradation of immature embryos occurred, indicating a global loss of embryogenic ability. Maturation variability probably results from immature embryos heterogeneity, which could be increased by manipulations during subculture. This is the first time that this evolution along time in culture is precisely described in conifers somatic embryos. Keywords Maturation AE Pinus pinaster AE Somatic embryogenesis AE Subculture AE Culture ageing Abbreviations ESM embryonal-suspensor masses f.wt fresh weight CE cotyledonary somatic embryos AE abnormally developed embryos PC precotyledonary and early cotyledonary embryos Electronic Supplementary Material Supplementary material is available to authorised users in the online version of this article at http://dx.

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Section: Qualitative Evolution Of Cesupporting

confidence: 85%

Long-term subculture randomly affects morphology and subsequent maturation of early somatic embryos in maritime pine

Breton¹,

Harvengt²,

Trontin³

et al. 2006

Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult

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“…These include not only traditional factors such as salt mixtures, auxins, and cytokinins, but also media supplementation with abscisic acid, brassinosteroids, ethylene inhibitors, specific sugar types, specific vitamins, organic acids, and gibberellin inhibitors (Pullman and Johnson 2002;Pullman et al 2003bPullman et al , c, 2005bPullman et al , c, 2006Pullman et al , 2008Gupta et al 2004). Control of environmental factors including, water potential, pH, adsorption of medium components by activated carbon (AC), pressurized and/or gas-tight enclosure, absence of gelling agent (liquid media), and study of embryo gene expression patterns, have led to further initiation improvements (Xu et al 1997;Cairney et al 2000;Pullman and Johnson 2002;Peter 2002, 2006;Pullman et al 2005b;Pullman and Skryabina 2007;Cairney and Pullman 2007). Employing combinations of both media and environmental agents has permitted great increases in embryogenic tissue initiation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Douglas fir embryogenic tissue initiation

Pullman

Johnson

Bucalo

2008

Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult

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Somatic embryogenesis (SE) is expected to play an important role in the future of US forests by providing increased productivity, sustainability, and uniformity. For broad scale implementation to occur, SE technology must work with a variety of genetically diverse trees. Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb) Franco) is the dominant tree in the Pacific Northwest and has great economic and recreational value. We have developed a highly effective medium for initiation of embryogenic tissue of Douglas fir that contains ABA, biotin, brassinolide, folic acid, MES, pyruvic acid and can be used as a gelled medium or in a gelled-liquid medium overlay system. When tested with many high-value crosses over 2 years, initiation tests averaged initiation in the range of 40-57%. Additionally, a time-and labor-saving tetrazolium chloride embryo staining technique was developed to evaluate seed health and screen out seed sources likely to perform poorly in the initiation process.

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“…En el medio WPM se ha logrado la micropropagación de una gran cantidad de plantas leñosas como la azalea (Anderson 1984), el oxidendro (Banko y Stefani 1989) y el arándano (Isutsa et al 1994), así como el madroño texano (Arbutus texana HBK) utilizando brotes apicales cultivados en medio WPM, adicionado con sales MS y 2,5 o 5 mg L -1 de BA (Mackay 1996). Esto se debe probablemente a la especificidad del medio, pues como se mencionó antes, el medio Pullman 889 (Pullman et al 2003b) es específico para coníferas, el MS para el establecimiento de callo de tabaco, mientras que el WPM es utilizado para plantas leñosas, entre la que destaca el madroño texano, lo cual es relevante ya que en estudios de morfogénesis in vitro en árboles se ha observado la importancia que guarda el medio de cultivo y el desarrollo de los embriones en la generación de órganos o embriones somáticos (Cairney et al 2000), ya que muchas especies leñosas son recalcitrantes a los métodos de regeneración in vitro (Minocha et al 1999).…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Embriogénesis somática en madroño (Arbutus xalapensis)

et al. 2016

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SUMMARYSomatic embryogenesis can be used for the rescue of threatened forest species. In this research work, the effect of the medium on the germination of Arbutus xalapensis zygotic embryos and 2,4-D growth regulator on induction of embryogenic callus was studied. Strawberry tree fruits were disinfested and the zygotic embryos of seeds were removed and put on MS, WPM and P889 mediums; while for induction of embryogenic callus, they were cultured on MS and WPM. The germination of embryos was affected substantially by culture medium used, being the WPM where 58 % of germination of zygotic embryos was obtained, compared with P889 and MS with 0 and 2 % germination, respectively. Zygotic embryos were placed on MS and WPM medium added with 0, 1, 2, 4 and 8 mg L -l 2,4-D, under light and dark conditions for 30 days. Embryos cultured in MS, and left under low light conditions, had not effect to any treatment to which they were subjected; however, under darkness condition embryogenic callus formation was possible to be induced in the concentration of 1 mg L -1 2,4-D, while on WPM in light condition, the formation and growth of embryogenic callus was achieved by adding 2 mg L -1 ; under darkness required only 1 mg L -1 . Culture medium is essential for the germination of the embryos, the combination of culture medium, the concentration of 2,4-D and the condition of light or darkness are fundamental factors in the induction of embryogenic callus of strawberry tree, required for subsequent studies of micropropagation and cryopreservation of this species.Key words: Madrone, Murashige and Skogge, Woody Plant Medium, Pullman 889, 2,4-Dichlorophenoxiacetic. RESUMENEl objetivo de este trabajo experimental fue estudiar el efecto del medio de cultivo sobre la germinación de embriones cigóticos de madroño y el efecto del 2,4-Diclorofenoxiacético (2,4-D) sobre la inducción de callo embriogénico. Para el primer caso, se extrajeron los embriones cigóticos de las semillas y colocaron en los medios Murashige y Skoog (MS), Woody Planta Medium (WPM) y Pullman 889; para la inducción de callo embriogénico sólo fueron utilizados el MS y WPM adicionados con 0, 1, 2, 4 y 8 mg L -l de 2,4-D, bajo luz y oscuridad durante 30 días. En el medio WPM se obtuvo un 58 % de germinación, mientras que en el P889 y MS sólo un 0 y 2 % de germinación, respectivamente. Los embriones cultivados en el medio MS en luz no presentaron respuesta alguna en ningún de los tratamiento; sin embargo, en dicho medio pero en oscuridad se logró inducir la formación y crecimiento de callo embriogénico a 1 mg L -1 de 2,4-D, mientras que en el medio WPM en luz se logró con 2 mg L -1 ; y en oscuridad 1 mg L -1 de 2,4-D. Se concluye que el medio de cultivo es fundamental para la germinación de los embriones y la combinación del medio de cultivo, la concentración del 2,4-D y la condición de luz u oscuridad, son factores fundamentales en la inducción de callos embriogénicos de madroño, requeridos para estudios posteriores de micropropagación y criopreservación de la especie.Palab...

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Special symposium: In vitro plant recalcitrance transcript profiling: A tool to assess the development of conifer embryos

Cited by 35 publications

References 40 publications

Long-term subculture randomly affects morphology and subsequent maturation of early somatic embryos in maritime pine

Long-term subculture randomly affects morphology and subsequent maturation of early somatic embryos in maritime pine

Douglas fir embryogenic tissue initiation

Embriogénesis somática en madroño (Arbutus xalapensis)

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