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The relationship between microstructure and platelet adhesivity of six types of poly(propylene oxide) (PPO)-segmented polyamides based on the polyamide segments nylon 210, 310, 410, 510, 610, and 710 were investigated. These multiblock PPO-segmented copolymers were prepared by interfacial polycondensation. Physical characterization of these copolymers was by means of thermal analysis, transmission electron microscope, wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD), and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). The WAXD and SAXS measurements showed that the copolymers had microstructures containing crystalline and amorphous phases and that these microstructures, represented by means of crystallite thickness and long period, varied with incorporation of PPO segments. Blood compatibility of these copolymers was evaluated by estimating the amount of adhering platelets on the copolymer surfaces. The amount of adhering platelets was minimum for the surfaces of the copolymers having a crystallite thickness of 6.0-6.5 nm and a long period of 12-13 nm. This result suggests that the particular size and distribution of the crystalline and amorphous phases in the copolymer could be determining factors for suppressing platelet adhesion on the copolymer surface, and that the control of these factors could lead to ideal antithrombogenic polymers.
The relationship between microstructure and platelet adhesivity of six types of poly(propylene oxide) (PPO)-segmented polyamides based on the polyamide segments nylon 210, 310, 410, 510, 610, and 710 were investigated. These multiblock PPO-segmented copolymers were prepared by interfacial polycondensation. Physical characterization of these copolymers was by means of thermal analysis, transmission electron microscope, wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD), and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). The WAXD and SAXS measurements showed that the copolymers had microstructures containing crystalline and amorphous phases and that these microstructures, represented by means of crystallite thickness and long period, varied with incorporation of PPO segments. Blood compatibility of these copolymers was evaluated by estimating the amount of adhering platelets on the copolymer surfaces. The amount of adhering platelets was minimum for the surfaces of the copolymers having a crystallite thickness of 6.0-6.5 nm and a long period of 12-13 nm. This result suggests that the particular size and distribution of the crystalline and amorphous phases in the copolymer could be determining factors for suppressing platelet adhesion on the copolymer surface, and that the control of these factors could lead to ideal antithrombogenic polymers.
The microstructure of poly[polytetrahydrofuran-block-poly(sebacoy1 chloride-alt-hexamethylenediamine)]~ 1 -4, containing polytetrahydrofuran (PTHF) blocks of various molecular weights, and their blood compatibility were studied. These multiblock copolymers were prepared by interfacial polycondensation. The characterization of these copolymers was carried out by means of transmission electron microscopy (TEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic mechanical measurements, wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD), small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), and electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA). The TEM observation revealed the formation of a spherulitic structure at the copolymer surfaces, which is closely related to the homopolymer, polyamide (PA) 610. The DSC and dynamic mechanical measurements indicate the presence of distinct phase separation between PTHF and PA 610 blocks, and of the PTHF block in the copolymer being partially crystallized. The WAXD and SAXS indicate the formation of microstructures composed of crystalline and amorphous phases in the copolymer. Moreover, ESCA measurements verify that the surface chemical composition of the copolymer is identical to their bulk composition. Blood compatibility of these copolymers was evaluated by estimating platelet adhesion on the copolymer surfaces. Platelet adhesion was found to be affected by the PA 610 crystallinity, including the size and distribution of the crystalline phAse in the case of the copolymers in which the PTHF blocks are completely amorphous (M, = 980). On the contrary, platelet adhesion at the copolymers in which the PTHF blocks are partially crystallized (M, 1560) depends upon the crystallinity of both PA 610 and PTHF, including the balance of crystalline (PA 610 and PTHF) and amorphous (mainly PTHF) phases. This result suggests that the balance of the crystalline and amorphous phase distribution in the copolymer is the most determinative factor for suppressing platelet adhesion at the copolymer surface.
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