Special report animal species in which <i>n</i>‐nitroso compounds induce cancer

Bogovski, P; Bogovski, S.

doi:10.1002/ijc.2910270408

Cited by 249 publications

(125 citation statements)

References 8 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

124

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…N-Methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) is a direct acting alkylating agent that does not require metabolic activation by the P-450 system and is known to be a potent mutagen (3,29), teratogen (24,44), and carcinogen (2,7). We have demonstrated that MNU specifically targets retinal photoreceptor cells causing retinal degeneration when administered to adult laboratory animals (25,28,40,47) or results in retinal dysplasia when administered in the neonatal period (26,27) in various animal species.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cataractogenesis in Neonatal Sprague-Dawley Rats by N-Methyl-N-Nitrosourea

et al. 2000

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Cataract was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of 100 mg/kg N -methyl-N -nitrosourea (MNU) to 0-, 5-, 10-, 15-, or 20-day-old male and female Sprague-Dawley rats. In day 0, 5, 10, and 15 MNU-treated rats, mature cataracts were constantly seen 7, 14, 14, and 30 days after dosing, respectively. In the day 20 MNU-treated rats, only subcapsular cataract was seen 30 days after dosing. Therefore, the rats exposed to MNU at an earlier age caused cataract more rapidly and severely. In the day 0 MNU-treated rats, 7-methyldeoxyguanosine DNA adduct was detected in the lens epithelial nuclei 12 hours after MNU dosing, followed by apoptosis, which was confirmed by morphology, by TUNEL signals, and by DNA ladder and peaked 3 days after MNU dosing. In the apoptosis cascade, upregulation of Bax, downregulation of Bcl-2, and increased CPP32 protease (caspase-3) activity were seen 12 hours after MNU dosing. Therefore, the pathogenesis of MNU-induced cataract was associated with DNA adduct formation in the lens epithelial cell nuclei leading to apoptosis by upregulation of Bax protein, downmodulation of Bcl-2 protein, and activation of caspase-3.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cataractogenesis in Neonatal Sprague-Dawley Rats by N-Methyl-N-Nitrosourea

et al. 2000

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…4 In addition, it has been hypothesized that cigarette smoking may be involved in the etiology of glioma, 5 based on evidence that N-nitroso compounds, such as those found in cigarette smoke, have been shown to induce glioma in rats when administered intravenously. 6,7 The epidemiologic literature regarding cigarette smoking and brain cancer risk is based primarily on case-control studies, all of which have found no association with ever smoking. [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21] A recent cohort study by Efird et al, 22 however, observed an increased risk of glioma in those who reported smoking greater than 2 packs of cigarettes per day.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cigarette smoking and risk of glioma: A prospective cohort study

Silvera¹,

Miller²,

Rohan³

2005

Intl Journal of Cancer

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The etiology of glioma, the most commonly diagnosed malignant brain tumor among adults in the United States, is poorly understood. N-nitroso compounds are known carcinogens, which are found in cigarette smoke and can induce gliomas in rats. On this basis, it has been hypothesized that cigarette smoking may be associated with an increased risk of glioma. We investigated the association between cigarette smoking and glioma risk in the National Breast Screening Study, which included 89,835 Canadian women aged 40-59 years at recruitment between 1980 and 1985. Linkages to national cancer and mortality databases yielded data on cancer incidence and deaths from all causes, respectively, with follow-up ending between 1998 and 2000. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between cigarette smoking and risk of glioma. During a mean of 16.4 years of follow-up, we observed 120 incident glioma cases. Among ever smokers, women who reported having quit smoking had a 51% increase in risk of glioma compared with never smokers (HR 5 1.51, 95% CI 5 0.97-2.34), while current smokers did not appear to have an increase in risk. When the association with former smokers was further examined by years since quitting, women who had quit smoking >10 years before baseline were at a decreased risk of glioma compared with women who had quit within the 10 years prior to baseline (HR 5 0.55, 95% CI 5 0.29-1.07), indicating that the association between former smokers and glioma may be driven by women, who recently quit smoking. Compared with nonsmokers, duration of cigarette smoking, number of cigarettes smoked per day and pack-years of smoking were associated with increased glioma risk, although the increases in risk were relatively modest. The present study provides some support for a positive association between cigarette smoking and risk of glioma. ' 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.Key words: brain neoplasms; glioma; cohort; smoking Gliomas, which arise from neuroepithelial cells, are one of the 2 main histopathological types of brain tumor. 1 The etiology of glioma, the most commonly diagnosed malignant brain tumor among adults in the United States, 1,2 is not well understood. Indeed, there are few well-established risk factors for glioma beyond ionizing radiation, 1,3 male gender, 1 and possibly reproductive and menstrual factors. 4 In addition, it has been hypothesized that cigarette smoking may be involved in the etiology of glioma, 5 based on evidence that N-nitroso compounds, such as those found in cigarette smoke, have been shown to induce glioma in rats when administered intravenously. 6,7 The epidemiologic literature regarding cigarette smoking and brain cancer risk is based primarily on case-control studies, all of which have found no association with ever smoking. 8-21 A recent cohort study by Efird et al., 22 however, observed an increased risk of glioma in those who reported smoking greater than 2 packs of cigarettes per day. Given the limited data from...

show abstract

“…N-nitroso compounds (NOCs) can induce cancer in multiple organs in at least 40 different animal species, including higher primates [106][107][108]. In in vitro studies on human liver slices, the mechanism of action was shown to be nucleic acid alkylation [109].…”

Section: N-nitrosoglyphosate and N-nitrososarcosinementioning

confidence: 99%