Special Issue: Sexual Acquisition and Transmission of HIV Cooperative Agreement Program (SATHCAP), July 2009

Rothenberg, Richard; Jenkins, Richard A.; Lambert, Elizabeth

doi:10.1007/s11524-009-9374-3

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 21 publications

(4 reference statements)

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“…This change is of importance not only for DU populations but for others as well, since DU have the potential to serve as a bridge for sexual HIV transmission to the wider community [5], [27]. Of interest, in contrast to observations among men who have sex with men [40], no increase in sexual risk behaviour was found among HIV-infected DU of the ACS who initiated cART [41].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Drug Users in Amsterdam: Are They Still at Risk for HIV?

et al. 2013

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Background and AimsTo examine whether drug users (DU) in the Amsterdam Cohort Study (ACS) are still at risk for HIV, we studied trends in HIV incidence and injecting and sexual risk behaviour from 1986 to 2011.MethodsThe ACS is an open, prospective cohort study on HIV. Calendar time trends in HIV incidence were modelled using Poisson regression. Trends in risk behaviour were modelled via generalized estimating equations. In 2010, a screening for STI (chlamydia, gonorrhoea and syphilis) was performed. Determinants of unprotected sex were studied using logistic regression analysis.ResultsThe HIV incidence among 1298 participants of the ACS with a total follow-up of 12,921 person-years (PY) declined from 6.0/100 PY (95% confidence interval [CI] 3.2–11.1) in 1986 to less than 1/100 PY from 1997 onwards. Both injection and sexual risk behaviour declined significantly over time. Out of 197 participants screened for STI in 2010–2011, median age 49 years (IQR 43–59), only 5 (2.5%) were diagnosed with an STI. In multivariable analysis, having a steady partner (aOR 4.1, 95% CI 1.6–10.5) was associated with unprotected sex. HIV-infected participants were less likely to report unprotected sex (aOR 0.07, 95% CI 0.02–0.37).ConclusionsHIV incidence and injection risk behaviour declined from 1986 onwards. STI prevalence is low; unprotected sex is associated with steady partners and is less common among HIV-infected participants. These findings indicate a low transmission risk of HIV and STI, which suggests that DU do not play a significant role in the current spread of HIV in Amsterdam.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Drug Users in Amsterdam: Are They Still at Risk for HIV?

et al. 2013

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“…This study used respondent-driven sampling (RDS) 31 to recruit ‘hard’ drug users, men who have sex with men (MSM), the sex partners of both groups, and sex partners of the sex partners. 32 Hard drug use comprised heroin, cocaine, or methamphetamine, or any illicit injection drug use.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship Characteristics Associated With Anal Sex Among Female Drug Users

Mackesy‐Amiti¹,

McKirnan²,

Ouellet³

2010

Sexually Transmitted Diseases

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Background Anal sex is an important yet little studied HIV risk behavior for women. Methods Using information collected on recent sexual encounters, we examined the influence of sex partner and relationship characteristics on the likelihood of engaging in anal sex among women with a high risk of HIV infection. Results Anal sex was nearly three times more common among actively bisexual women (OR = 2.96, 95% CI 2.17 – 4.03). Women were more likely to have anal sex with partners who injected drugs (OR = 2.32, 95% CI 1.44 – 3.75), were not heterosexual (OR = 1.85, 95% CI 1.18 – 2.90), and with whom they exchanged money or drugs for sex (OR = 1.79, 95% CI 1.10 – 2.90). The likelihood of anal sex also increased with the number of nights sleeping together (OR = 1.15, 95% CI 1.06 – 1.24). In contrast, emotional closeness and social closeness were not associated with anal sex. Condom use during anal sex was uncommon, and did not vary according to partner or relationship characteristics. Conclusions Our findings support the need for HIV prevention interventions that target anal sex among heterosexuals, particularly in drug-using populations residing in neighborhoods with elevated levels of HIV prevalence.

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“…A geographic HIV transmission network describes the spread of HIV between geographic areas, especially from higher prevalence to lower prevalence areas. The sexual spread of HIV from a higher prevalence to a lower prevalence area requires sexual “bridging” whereby people or places may be bridges for the spread of sexually transmitted HIV between different geographic areas [8–12]. When people are bridges, HIV infected people from higher prevalence areas may travel to lower prevalence areas where they sexually transmit HIV to their sexual partners in these areas, who in turn may transmit HIV to their sexual partners in these same areas (a similar process can occur for uninfected people from lower prevalence areas who travel to and acquire sexually transmitted HIV in higher prevalence areas).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Community Sexual Bridging Among Heterosexuals at High-Risk of HIV in New York City

et al. 2015

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Community sexual bridging may influence the socio-geographic distribution of heterosexually transmitted HIV. In a cross-sectional study, heterosexual adults at high-risk of HIV were recruited in New York City (NYC) in 2010 for the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention-sponsored National HIV Behavioral Surveillance system. Eligible participants were interviewed about their HIV risk behaviors and sexual partnerships and tested for HIV. Social network analysis of the geographic location of participants’ recent sexual partnerships was used to calculate three sexual bridging measures (non-redundant ties, flow-betweenness and walk-betweenness) for NYC communities (defined as United Hospital Fund neighborhoods), which were plotted against HIV prevalence in each community. The analysis sample comprised 494 participants and 1534 sexual partnerships. Participants were 60.1 % male, 79.6 % non-Hispanic black and 19.6 % Hispanic race/ethnicity; the median age was 40 years (IQR 24–50); 37.7 % had ever been homeless (past 12 months); 16.6 % had ever injected drugs; in the past 12 months 76.7 % used non-injection drugs and 90.1 % engaged in condomless vaginal or anal sex; 9.6 % tested HIV positive (of 481 with positive/negative results). Sexual partnerships were located in 33 (78.6 %) of 42 NYC communities, including 13 “high HIV-spread communities”, 7 “hidden bridging communities”, 0 “contained high HIV prevalence communities”, and 13 “latent HIV bridging communities”. Compared with latent HIV bridging communities, the population racial/ethnic composition was more likely (p < 0.0001) to be black or Hispanic in high HIV-spread communities and to be black in hidden bridging communities. High HIV-spread and hidden bridging communities may facilitate the maintenance and spread of heterosexually transmitted HIV in black and Hispanic populations in NYC.

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Special Issue: Sexual Acquisition and Transmission of HIV Cooperative Agreement Program (SATHCAP), July 2009

Cited by 10 publications

References 21 publications

Drug Users in Amsterdam: Are They Still at Risk for HIV?

Drug Users in Amsterdam: Are They Still at Risk for HIV?

Relationship Characteristics Associated With Anal Sex Among Female Drug Users

Community Sexual Bridging Among Heterosexuals at High-Risk of HIV in New York City

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