Special features of human retinal angiogenesis

Gariano, Ray F.

doi:10.1038/eye.2009.324

Cited by 37 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 39 publications

(47 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The development of the human retinal circulation in utero remains a subject of much discussion, as exemplified in recent reviews by Fruttiger (Fruttiger, 2007) and Gariano (Gariano, 2010). Studies using human fetal whole mounts and immunohistochemistry for endothelial precursor markers suggest that in the human (Chan-Ling et al, 2004; Hasegawa et al, 2008; Hughes et al, 2000; McLeod et al, 2006), as opposed to other species such as the mouse (Fruttiger, 2002), retinal blood vessel formation begins at the level of the inner capillary plexus and in the region of the optic nerve head.…”

Section: Anatomical and Physiological Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Role of the retinal vascular endothelial cell in ocular disease

Bharadwaj

Appukuttan

Wilmarth

et al. 2013

Progress in Retinal and Eye Research

137

114

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Retinal endothelial cells line the arborizing microvasculature that supplies and drains the neural retina. The anatomical and physiological characteristics of these endothelial cells are consistent with nutritional requirements and protection of a tissue critical to vision. On the one hand, the endothelium must ensure the supply of oxygen and other nutrients to the metabolically active retina, and allow access to circulating cells that maintain the vasculature or survey the retina for the presence of potential pathogens. On the other hand, the endothelium contributes to the blood-retinal barrier that protects the retina by excluding circulating molecular toxins, microorganisms, and pro-inflammatory leukocytes. Features required to fulfill these functions may also predispose to disease processes, such as retinal vascular leakage and neovascularization, and trafficking of microbes and inflammatory cells. Thus, the retinal endothelial cell is a key participant in retinal ischemic vasculopathies that include diabetic retinopathy and retinopathy of prematurity, and retinal inflammation or infection, as occurs in posterior uveitis. Using gene expression and proteomic profiling, it has been possible to explore the molecular phenotype of the human retinal endothelial cell and contribute to understanding of the pathogenesis of these diseases. In addition to providing support for the involvement of well-characterized endothelial molecules, profiling has the power to identify new players in retinal pathologies. Findings may have implications for the design of new biological therapies. Additional progress in this field is anticipated as other technologies, including epigenetic profiling methods, whole transcriptome shotgun sequencing, and metabolomics, are used to study the human retinal endothelial cell.

show abstract

Section: Anatomical and Physiological Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These factors have been localized to the ganglion cell layer in separate studies using macaque retinas (Kozulin et al, 2010; Kozulin et al, 2009a). Another group (Gariano, 2010) presents indirect evidence of a role for lutein and other macular pigments in foveal avascularity.…”

Section: Anatomical and Physiological Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of the retinal vascular endothelial cell in ocular disease

Bharadwaj

Appukuttan

Wilmarth

et al. 2013

Progress in Retinal and Eye Research

137

114

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…(Gariano, 2010). These disorders include retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) (Chen and Smith, 2007), diabetic retinopathy (Cheung et al, 2010), and age-related macular degeneration (Mousa and Mousa, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyethylene Glycol-Modified Pigment Epithelial-Derived Factor: New Prospects for Treatment of Retinal Neovascularization

Bai

Huang²,

Xu³

et al. 2012

J Pharmacol Exp Ther

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Pathological retinal neovascularization and choroidal neovascularization are major causes of vision loss in a variety of clinical conditions, such as retinopathy of prematurity, agerelated macular degeneration, and diabetic retinopathy. Pigment epithelial-derived factor (PEDF) has been found to be the most potent natural, endogenous inhibitor of neovascularization, but its application is restricted because of its instability and short half-life. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) has been used as a drug carrier to slow clearance rate for decades. The present study investigated PEGylated-PEDF for the first time and evaluated its long-term effects on preventing angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo. PEG showed lower cytotoxicity to human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). In vitro, PEGylated-PEDF inhibited HUVEC proliferation, migration, tube formation, and vascular endothelium growth factor secretion and induced HUVEC apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner, and it showed a statistically significant difference compared with the PEDF treatment group. In vivo, PEGylated-PEDF had a long-lasting effect in both plasma and retinal concentrations. In an oxygeninduced retinopathy model, one intravitreous injection of PEGylated-PEDF after mouse pups were moved into room air resulted in a significant difference in the inhibition of retinal neovascularization, which decreased the nonperfusion area, compared with the PEDF-treated group. Our present study demonstrated for the first time the long-term inhibitory effects of PEGylated-PEDF on the prevention of neovascularization in vitro and in vivo. These data suggest that PEGylated-PEDF could offer an innovative therapeutic strategy for preventing retinal neovascularization.

show abstract

“…The density of macular pigment decreases at the border between the nonvascularized and vascularized parts of the fovea; blood vessels form a yellow screen which also acts as a short‐wavelength light filter (Schultze, ). Human subjects with albinism or aniridia, which have no foveal avascular zones, also lack macular pigment (Gariano, ). The high density of macular pigment in foveolar Müller cells correlates with the facts that the central 100–200 μm of the fovea contain only few blue cones and that the central foveola is largely insensitive to blue light (König, ).…”

Section: Müller Cells Of the Foveamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Human subjects with albinism or aniridia, which have no foveal avascular zones, also lack macular pigment (Gariano, 2010). The high density of macular pigment in foveolar Müller cells correlates with the facts that the central 100-200 μm of the fovea contain only few blue cones and that the central foveola is largely insensitive to blue light (König, 1894).…”

Section: Functional Roles Of Foveolar Müller Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glia of the human retina

Reichenbach

Bringmann

2019

Glia

201

159

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The human retina contains three types of glial cells: microglia and two types of macroglia, astrocytes and Müller cells. Macroglia provide homeostatic and metabolic support to photoreceptors and neurons required for neuronal activity. The fovea, the site of the sharpest vision which is astrocyte‐ and microglia‐free, contains two populations of Müller glia: cells which form the Müller cell cone in the foveola and z‐shaped Müller cells of the foveal walls. Both populations are characterized by morphological and functional differences. Müller cells of the foveola do not support the activity of photoreceptors and neurons, but provide the structural stability of the foveal tissue and improve the light transmission through the tissue to the photoreceptors. This article gives overviews of the glia of the human retina and the structure and function of both Müller cell types in the fovea, and describes the contributions of astrocytes and Müller cells to the ontogenetic development of the fovea.

show abstract

Special features of human retinal angiogenesis

Cited by 37 publications

References 39 publications

Role of the retinal vascular endothelial cell in ocular disease

Role of the retinal vascular endothelial cell in ocular disease

Polyethylene Glycol-Modified Pigment Epithelial-Derived Factor: New Prospects for Treatment of Retinal Neovascularization

Glia of the human retina

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About