Special Edition on Utility Measurement, PharmacoEconomics

Lloyd, Andrew

doi:10.1007/s40273-017-0542-0

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Formal standards-setting panels have published and continually update recommendations for economic evaluations. 1,10,[12][13][14][15][16] Checklists and guides for researchers have also been published, [16][17][18][19] and we review their key elements here.…”

Section: Economic Evaluation Study Design Scope Methods and Reportimentioning

confidence: 99%

Economic Evaluation Studies

Udeh

2020

Chest

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Economic evaluations, including cost-effectiveness analyses, are frameworks for decisionmaking. They help to illustrate tradeoffs between selecting one choice over another. This form of analysis is of great power and value to the health-care system. Health-care decisions are complex; they require synthesis of a myriad of data variables and sources, and the impact of the choices made is significant. Given this importance and the increasing demand and complexity of health decisions, it is imperative to ensure that economic evaluations are of high quality, comprehensive, and follow the guidelines and recommendations of experts in the field. This article provides an overview of the types of economic evaluations and their role in decision-making. It also discusses key study design considerations, including methods, scope, results, and reporting. Links to published checklists are provided along with additional sources of information, including a glossary of terms (Appendix), to guide the researcher to produce high-quality economic evaluations and guide the reviewer to provide high-quality feedback during the review process.

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Section: Economic Evaluation Study Design Scope Methods and Reportimentioning

confidence: 99%

Economic Evaluation Studies

Udeh

2020

Chest

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“…A large amount of research has already been dedicated to how we measure and statistically estimate outcomes for CEA, with particular focus often on utility data and the quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) associated with CUA [4]; in 2017, PharmacoEconomics published a special issue titled 'Estimating Utility Values for Economic Evaluation' on this exact subject [5]. Guidance on how we do the same for costs has become dated, do not reflect advances in CEA more generally, new methods are not presented in a user friendly manner in a single source (i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This educational review summarises relevant methods and research from the published literature about how to identify, estimate and analyse relevant cost data based on two specific vehicles for economic evaluation (within-trial and modelling-based analyses), within which we focussed on the following nine topics: (1) the difference between resource use and costs; (2) vehicles for CEA (e.g. withintrial and modelling-based analysis); (3) what costs to include depending on the costing perspective; (4) sources of resource-use data and unit costs; (5) statistical methods for assessing cost data and its distribution; (6) adjusting for baseline covariates; (7) dealing with different types of missing cost data; (8) uncertainty around cost estimates; and (9) a note on discounting, inflation and using relevant currency. We also identify gaps in the literature based on what the authors perceive are important and overlooked considerations when analysing cost data, and therefore suggest future areas for research.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Educational Review About Using Cost Data for the Purpose of Cost-Effectiveness Analysis

et al. 2019

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This paper provides an educational review covering the consideration of costs for cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA), summarising relevant methods and research from the published literature. Cost data are typically generated by applying appropriate unit costs to healthcare resource-use data for patients. Trial-based evaluations and decision analytic modelling represent the two main vehicles for CEA. The costs to consider will depend on the perspective taken, with conflicting recommendations ranging from focusing solely on healthcare to the broader 'societal' perspective. Alternative sources of resource-use are available, including medical records and forms completed by researchers or patients. Different methods are available for the statistical analysis of cost data, although consideration needs to be given to the appropriate methods, given cost data are typically non-normal with a mass point at zero and a long right-hand tail. The choice of covariates for inclusion in econometric models also needs careful consideration, focusing on those that are influential and that will improve balance and precision. Where data are missing, it is important to consider the type of missingness and then apply appropriate analytical methods, such as imputation. Uncertainty around costs should also be reflected to allow for consideration on the impacts of the CEA results on decision uncertainty. Costs should be discounted to account for differential timing, and are typically inflated to a common cost year. The choice of methods and sources of information used when accounting for cost information within CEA will have an effect on the subsequent costeffectiveness results and how information is presented to decision makers. It is important that the most appropriate methods are used as overlooking the complicated nature of cost data could lead to inaccurate information being given to decision makers.Not appropriately controlling for the nature of cost data and the uncertainty around subsequent cost estimates used in cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) could lead to inaccurate information being given to decision makers.Although checklists exist for use alongside CEA to aid transparency in the methods used, there is still poor reporting and rationalisation of statistical methods and covariate adjustments when using cost data.It is difficult to suggest a 'one size fits all' methodology when estimating and analysing cost data for CEA; therefore, it is down to the researcher to assess the nature of the cost data to determine which methods to use.

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Special Edition on Utility Measurement, PharmacoEconomics

Cited by 2 publications

References 7 publications

Economic Evaluation Studies

Economic Evaluation Studies

An Educational Review About Using Cost Data for the Purpose of Cost-Effectiveness Analysis

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