Special Contribution: Managing the Great Lakes Basin as a Home

Christie, W. J.; Becker, Mark F.; Cowden, James W; Vallentyne, J. R.

doi:10.1016/s0380-1330(86)71695-x

Cited by 54 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…2). The classification made by CHRISTIE et al (1986), which was also described by VALLENTYNE and HAMILTON (1987), is particularly well suited for classifying lake restoration techniques with référence to their management approach, their temporal scale and the expected results. Thèse authors established four spécifie catégories of approaches: 1) egosystemic, 2) piecemeal, 3) environmental, and 4) ecosystemic.…”

Section: -Management Approachesmentioning

confidence: 98%

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La restauration des lacs au Québec: un défi face aux problèmes environnementaux actuels

Dupont¹

2005

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Le Canada possède l'une des plus importantes réserves d'eau douce au monde. La province de Québec n'y fait pas exception puisqu'on y trouve près de 750 000 lacs et une multitude de rivières. Une grande partie de cette ressource est très fragile et exposée à divers problèmes environnementaux. Ces problèmes prennent leur source à l'échelle locale, régionale, continentale ou même planétaire dans certains cas et sont de différentes natures : eutrophisation, contamination par diverses substances polluantes, acidification, changements climatiques, etc. Au Québec, les moyens d'action actuels visent principalement à réduire les pollutions à la source par voie de réglementation, de programmes d'incitation ou de programmes de subvention (actions d'assainissement des eaux), en ne recourant aux interventions directes à court terme que dans des situations d'urgence ou d'extrême nécessité. Le présent texte rend compte des problèmes liés à l'eutrophisation, à l'acidification et à la contamination, ainsi qu'à leur échelle d'occurrence et des solutions disponibles pour amoindrir leur impact. Cette discussion est menée en favorisant une approche globale concertée qui vise à établir les bases d'une réelle politique de gestion de l'eau.Canada has one of the greatest freshwater reserves in the world. The province of Québec is not an exception to this generalization in that there are over 750 000 lakes and a large number of rivers of all sizes within the provincial boundaries. A major portion of this resource is highly vulnerable and is exposed to many contamination and environmental problems such as eutrophication, contamination from various pollutants, acidification, global climate changes, etc. In the province of Québec, actions are presently oriented toward reducing pollution hazards at the source by way of legislation, incentives and grant programs (wastewater cleanup programs), while resorting to short term direct approaches only in cases of emergencies and extreme necessity. The present article summarizes information about the problems encountered in Québec, their incidence, and the range of solutions available to reduce the impacts. This reflection is conducted in a way that favors a concerted global approach, which could act as the basis for a true water management policy

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Section: -Management Approachesmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…BARICA (1993) worked with this classification in presenting application examples adapted to various problems. The CHRISTIE et al (1986) classification is used in this article with the spécifie goal of applying it to lake restoration.…”

Section: -Management Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

La restauration des lacs au Québec: un défi face aux problèmes environnementaux actuels

Dupont¹

2005

rseau

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“…The reports did not completely neglect the wellness viewpoint although the emphasis was decidedly scientific. Meanwhile, the 'Ecosystem Approach', particularly developed in the Great Lakes basin (Christie et al, 1986), is coming to exemplify the wellness approach. As before, we can list contrasting features of these approaches (Table 3).…”

Section: Cumulative Impact Assessment and The Ecosystem Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Approaches to assessing and managing cumulative ecosystem change, with the Bay of Quinte as a case study: an essay

Minns¹

1995

J Aquat Ecosyst Stress Recov

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Rising concern for the future of humans and the earth's ecosystems provides the backdrop for an essay on approaches to assessing and managing ecosystem health. A review and critique of two rival metaphors of human health, illness and wellness, provide the staring point for evaluation of parallel approaches to the assessment and management of ecosystems. The limitations of the metaphors are noted for humans and ecosystems. The 'impact assessment' and 'ecosystem approach' concepts of ecosystem assessment and management are contrasted. As a case history, the nature and pace of change in the Bay of Quinte ecosystem are reviewed, spanning from colonization by the Empire Loyalists at the end of the 18th century through the current development of a remedial action plan for the ecosystem. The review includes the long-term scientific study of the Bay's response to point-source phosphorus control (Project Quinte) and the recent efforts to develop and implement a coordinated clean-up program (Remedial Action Plan). From the lessons of the Quinte experience, a framework is derived, combining the illness and wellness approaches to health. The framework deals with five topics: uncertainty and the precautionary principle; an ecosystem health scale; indicators of ecosystem health; maximum allowable change; and, regulation and planning. Uncertainty should not be used to justify inaction. A precautionary principle assumes that impacts will occur and places the burden of proof on the proponents of ecosystem disturbance. An ecosystem health scale is defined using current, original, and potential conditions. Restoration to the original condition is unlikely but provides a justifiable direction for actions to establish sustainability. Indicators of ecosystem health with sustainable ranges are preferred over end-points and thresholds. The concept of maximum allowable change is promoted with a tentative suggestion that a fifty percent rule might be used. Finally, an argument for the combined use of regulation and planning. Regulatory approaches tend to perpetuate confrontation. Planning can be used to lengthen the time-horizon from quarterly reports to generations and identify self-regulating codes of behaviour. The framework is briefly discussed and placed in a broader context linking humans and ecosystem, illness and wellness.

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“…The 'Ecosystem Approach' broadens the scope of ecosystem to include humans and their activities (Christie et al, 1986). It recognizes there are ecological, social, and economic requirements which must be balanced.…”

Section: What Is Ecosystem Health?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of models for integrated assessment of ecosystem health

Minns

1992

Journal of Aquatic Ecosystem Health

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An argument is presented for a greater use of numerical models in integrated assessment of ecosystem health. Ecosystem health has many facets which are interconnected and interact, and which can only be measured in integrated assessments. Modelling is an essential feature of integrated assessment being one of the few ways human groups can form a consensus understanding of the complex dynamics which occur. Functional assumptions are made explicit. The argument is expanded in response to a series of key questions: What is ecosystem health? How do we do integrated assessments? What is modelling? What are some successful examples? What should one conclude? The answers are illustrated with references to the International Joint Commission's program to develop and implement Remedial Action Plans for the Great Lakes' Areas of Concern, particularly in the Bay of Quinte, Lake Ontario. Three recommendations are offered: (i) Increase the use of models, (ii) Build models with existing data and hypotheses before initiating new programs, and (iii) Allow for iterative model development but be prepared to build a new model when a new problem arises. Bayfield

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Special Contribution: Managing the Great Lakes Basin as a Home

Cited by 54 publications

References 5 publications

La restauration des lacs au Québec: un défi face aux problèmes environnementaux actuels

La restauration des lacs au Québec: un défi face aux problèmes environnementaux actuels

Approaches to assessing and managing cumulative ecosystem change, with the Bay of Quinte as a case study: an essay

Use of models for integrated assessment of ecosystem health

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